Boron-containing compounds as labels, drugs, and theranostic agents for diabetes and its complications

Figure 1 Interactions of boronic acids with sugars. On the left, the reaction of boronic acids with diols in aqueous solution is illustrated. The potential stability of complexes with tricoordinate boron under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4) should be noted. On the right, the structures of α and β glucose and fructose in their furanose forms.

Figure 2 Examples of boron-containing compounds (on the right) whose activity parallels that of current drugs (on the left) for diabetes treatment. BODIPY: Boronodipyrromethene.

Figure 3 Examples of boron-containing compound applied to treat diabetes and its complications. BODIPY: Boronodipyrromethene.