Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the risk of infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials

Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram. DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; GlP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; CVOTs: Cardiovascular outcome trials; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Figure 2 Risk of overall infections for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors treatment vs control. DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4.

Figure 3 Risk of site-specific infections for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors treatment vs control. A: Respiratory infections; B: Urinary tract infections; C: Abdominal and gastrointestinal infections; D: Skin structure and soft tissue infections; E: Bone infections; F: Bloodstream infection. DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4.