Lower incidence of complications in endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1 Patient characteristics (N-118)

Age, yr (mean, SD)	69 (9)
Male/female	74/44
Preoperative bilirubin, mg/dL (median, range)	2.0 (0.5–24.9)
Bismuth I/II/IIIa/IIIb/IV, n	18/25/35/5/35
Initial biliary drainage at our institutions, n (%)	43 (36)
Initial drainage ENBD/EBS, n	85/33
Unilateral/bilateral, n	102/16
Sphincterotomy, n (%)	74 (63)
PTPE, n (%)	54 (46)
Surgery, n (%)	71 (60)
Time to surgery, days (median, range)	62 (4-233)

ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; EBS: Endoscopic biliary stenting; PTPE: Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization.

Table 2 Complications

Initial draiange	ENBD (n = 85)	EBS (n = 33)
ENBD dislocation	20	6
EBS occlusion	8	14
ENBD occlusion	14	7
Contralateral cholangitis	25	12
Accidental ENBD extubation	2	2
Cholecystitis	0	3
Liver abscess	0	2
ENBD induced ulcer	0	1
Inappropriate location	1	1
Pancreatitis	12	7
(Mild/moderate/severe)	(5/2/5)	(3/2/2)

ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; EBS: Endoscopic biliary stenting.

Table 3 Risk factors for biliary reintervention

	OR	95%CI	P value
Age (+1 yr)	1.01	0.96-1.06	0.626
Female/male	1.23	0.50-3.14	0.650
Bismuth I	1
Bismuth II	1.53	0.38-9.19	0.555
Bismuth IIIa/b/IV	2.06	0.68-6.11	0.195
Preoperative Bil (+ 1 mg/dL)	0.97	0.91-1.05	0.492
EBS/ENBD	3.80	1.32-13.02	0.012
Unilateral/bilateral	2.62	0.74-9.20	0.132
Sphincterotomy	1.32	0.53-3.25	0.551

ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; EBS: Endoscopic biliary stenting.

Table 4 Risk factors for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage

	OR	95%CI	P value
Age (+1 yr)	0.96	0.92-1.08	0.220
Female/male	2.48	0.73-8.71	0.143
Bismuth I	1
Bismuth II	0.54	0.02-15.15	0.683
Bismuth IIIa/b/IV	10.15	1.62-214.7	0.010
Sphincterotomy	2.36	0.69- 9.43	0.178
EBS/ENBD	2.63	0.70-9.89	0.149
Unilateral/bilateral	8.77	1.09-214.7	0.040
Preoperative bilirubin (+ 1 mg/dL)	1.02	0.93-1.12	0.604

ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; EBS: Endoscopic biliary stenting.

Table 5 Risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

	OR	95%CI	P value
Age (+1 yr)	0.95	0.89-1.01	0.078
Female/male	1.45	0.48-4.36	0.501
EBS/ENBD	2.24	0.70-7.09	0.171
Unilateral/bilateral	1.46	0.31-11.24	0.661
No sphincterotomy	3.46	1.19-10.87	0.023

ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; EBS: Endoscopic biliary stenting.