Biliary and pancreatic stenting: Devices and insertion techniques in therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasonography

Table 1 Technical characteristics of the most commonly used biliary plastic stents

Producer	Model	Diameter (Fr)	Length (cm)	Shape	Material
Boston Scientific	Advanix	7, 8.5, 10	5-18	Duodenal bend, centre bend, double pigtail	Polyethylene
ConMed	Hydroduct	7, 10, 12	4-15	Straight, angled, curved, double pigtail	Polyurethane with hydrophilic hydromer coating
Cook Endoscopy	Compass BDS	7	5, 10, 15	Double pigtail	Polyethylene
Cook Endoscopy	Cotton-Huibregtse	7, 8.5, 10, 11.5	5-18	Angled	Polyethylene
Cook Endoscopy	Cotton-Leung	7, 8.5, 10, 11.5	5-18	Curved	Polyethylene
Cook Endoscopy	Cotton-Leung Sof-Flex	7, 10	5-15	Curved	Polyethylene and polyurethane blend
Cook Endoscopy	Fusion Marathon Antireflux	10	5-12	Curved	Polyethylene with teflon sleeve
Cook Endoscopy	Soehendra-Tannenbaum	8.5, 10, 11.5	5-15	Curved	Teflon
Cook Endoscopy	Solus	10	1-15	Double pigtail	Polyethylene and polyurethane blend
Cook Endoscopy	Zimmon	5, 6, 7, 10	4, 7, 10	Double pigtail	Polyethylene
Endo-Flex	PE-Soft	7, 8.5, 10, 11.5	3-15	Bended, straight, curved, double pigtail, single pigtail	Polyethylene
Endo-Flex	PTFE-Strong	7, 8.5, 10, 11.5	5-15	Bended, straight, curved	Polytetrafluoroethylene
GI Supply	ViaDuct	7, 10	5-15	Winged straight	Polyurethane
Hobbs Medical	Biliary stent	7, 10	4-15	Curved, Double pigtail	Soft polymer blend
Indus Medical	CIBIDI	7, 10	5-15	Straight, curved, double pigtail	Polyurethane and teflon
Olympus	Double Layer	10	4-15	Duodenal bend, centre bend	Inner layer: Perfluoro; middle layer: Stainless steel; outer layer: Polyamide elastomer
Olympus	Biliary EVA	7, 8.5, 10, 12	5-18	Straight, proximal bend, centre bend, double pigtail	Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers
Olympus	Biliary FEP	7, 8.5, 10, 12	3-15	Straight, proximal bend	Fluorinated ethylene propylene
Olympus	Biliary PE	7, 8.5, 10, 12	3-15	Straight, proximal bend, centre bend, double pigtail	Polyethylene
Pauldrach Medical	Gallengangs	7, 8.4, 10	9	Curved	Polyethylene

Table 2 Technical characteristics of the most commonly used uncovered self-expandable metal stents

Producer	Model	Material	Diameter (mm)	Length (cm)	Shortening	Reconstrain	Characteristics
Boston Scientific	Wallflex®	Platinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	Yes	---------
ConMed	Flexxus	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	No	Pistol delivery system
Cook Endoscopy	Zilver®	Nitinol	6, 8, 10	4, 6, 8	No	No	---------
Cook Endoscopy	Evolution®	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	Yes	Pistol delivery system
Ella-CS	SX-ELLA® Nitinella Plus	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	Yes	---------
Endochoice	Bonastent®	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12	Yes	Yes	---------
Endo-Flex	BIL-stent	Nitinol	10	6, 8, 10	Yes	No	---------
Endo-Technik	NIT-BIL-1010®	Nitinol	10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	Yes	---------
Leufen Medical	Aixstent® Gallengang	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8	Yes	No	---------
Leufen Medical	Aixstent® Gallengang BDL - BDH	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8, 10, 12	Yes	No	The open cell design allows for Y stenting at the hilar region
Merit Endotek	Alimaxx-B®	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8	Yes	No	The open cell design allows for Y stenting at the hilar region
M.I. Tech	Hanarostent®	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12	Yes	Yes	---------
M.I. Tech	Hanarostent® Hilar	Nitinol	10	8	Yes	No	The large cell design allows for Y stenting at the hilar region
Micro-Tech	BD stents Classic or Platinum-Line	Nitinol	10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	No	---------
Olympus	NIRflex	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	No	---------
S and G Biotech	EGIS® Biliary DC Stent	Nitinol	8, 10, 12	4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12	Yes	No	Single or double bare
TaeWoong Medical	LCD®	Nitinol	6, 8, 10	4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12	Yes	No	The large cell design allows for Y stenting at the hilar region
TaeWoong Medical	Niti-S® D-type	Nitinol	6, 8, 10	4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12	Yes	No	---------
TaeWoong Medical	Niti-S® S-type	Nitinol	6, 8, 10	4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12	Yes	No	---------

Table 3 Technical characteristics of the most commonly used partially and fully-covered self-expandable metal stents

Producer	Model	Material	Diameter (mm)	Length (cm)	Shortening	Reconstrain	Shape	Covering
Allium Medical	Allium BIS®	Nitinol	8, 10	6, 8, 10, 12	No	No	Straight with anchoring segment	FC in polyurethane
Boston Scientific	Wallflex®	Platinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	Yes	Two flanges	PC and FC in permalume
Cook Endoscopy	Evolution®	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	Yes	Two flanges	PC and FC in silicone
Ella-CS	SX-ELLA® Nitinella Plus	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	Yes	Two flanges	PC and FC in silicone
Endochoice	Bonastent®	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12	Yes	Yes	Two flanges	FC in silicone
Endo-Flex	BIL-stent	Nitinol	10	6, 8	Yes	No	Straight	FC in silicone
Endo-Technik	NIT-BIL-1010®	Nitinol	10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	No	Straight	PC in silicone
Gore Medical	Viabil®	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8, 10	No	No	Straightwith anchoring fins	FC in PTFE with/without drainage holes
Leufen Medical	Aixstent® Gallengang	Nitinol	8, 10	4, 6, 8	Yes	No	Two flanges	PC and FC in polyurethane
M.I. Tech	Hanarostent® BCT	Nitinol	10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	Yes	One flange with flaps and lasso	FC in silicone
M.I. Tech	Hanarostent® BCS	Nitinol	10	4, 6, 8, 10, 12	Yes	No	One flange and with flaps	FC in silicone
M.I. Tech	Hanarostent® BPE	Nitinol	8, 10	8, 10	Yes	No	One flange and with flaps	PC in silicone
Micro-Tech	BD stents	Nitinol	10	4, 6, 8, 10	Yes	No	Two flanges	PC and FC in silicone
S and G Biotech	EGIS® Biliary DC Stent	Nitinol	8, 10, 12	4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12	Yes	No	Two flanges	PC in PTFE
TaeWoong Medical	Niti-S® S-type covered	Nitinol	6, 8, 10	4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12	Yes	No	Two flanges	FC in silicone
TaeWoong Medical	Niti-S® Kaffes	Nitinol	6, 8, 10	4, 5, 6, 7, 8	Yes	No	Tapered with long lasso	FC in silicone
TaeWoong Medical	Niti-S® Bumpy	Nitinol	6, 8, 10	4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12	Yes	No	Two flanges	FC in silicone and PTFE
TaeWoong Medical	Niti-S® Giobor	Nitinol	8, 10	8, 10	Yes	No	One flange	PC in silicone
TaeWoong Medical	Niti-S® ComVi	Nitinol	6, 8, 10	4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12	Yes	No	Straight	FC in PTFE

Table 4 Technical characteristics of the most commonly used pancreatic plastic stents

Producer	Model	Diameter (Fr)	Length (cm)	Shape	Material
Boston scientific	Advanix	3, 4, 5, 7, 10	2-18	Straight or single pigtail with or without internal flap	Polyethylene
Cook endoscopy	Geenan Sof-Flex	5	3-12	Curved with or without internal flap	Polyethylene and polyurethane blend
Cook endoscopy	Geenan	3, 5, 7	3-15	Curved	Polyethylene
Cook endoscopy	Johlin Wedge	8.5, 10	8-22	Wedge	Polyethylene and polyurethane blend
Cook endoscopy	Zimmon	3, 5, 7	2-12	Single pigtail with or without internal flap	Polyethylene
Endo-Flex	PTFE-Strong	5, 7	3-9	Curved	Polytetrafluoroethylene
GI supply	ViaDuct	5, 7	3-12	Winged straight or single pigtail with or without internal flap	Polyurethane
Hobbs medical	Freeman Flexi-Stents	3, 4, 5, 7	2-18	Straight or single pigtail with or without internal flap	Soft polymer
Olympus	Pancreatic PE	7, 8.5, 10	3-15	Straight, S-shaped	Polyethylene

Table 5 Technical characteristics of the lumen apposing metal stents

Producer	Model	Internal diameter (mm)	Length (mm)	Flange diameter (mm)
Boston Scientific	Axios	10, 15	10	21, 24
Leufen Medical	Aix	10, 14	20	14/16, 18/20
M.I. Tech	Hanarostent BCF	10, 12	30, 40	25
TaeWoong Medical	Spaxus	8, 10, 16	20	25
TaeWoong Medical	Nagi	10, 12, 14, 16	10, 20, 30	22, 24, 26, 28