Endoscopic botox injections in therapy of refractory gastroparesis

Table 1 Summary of the literature on use of botulinum toxin injection for gastroparesis in adults

Ref.	Number of patients	Study design	Botox dose (units)	Results(% of patients with symptomatic improvement)
Ezzeddine et al[28]	6	Prospective non-controlled	100	55
Lacy et al[29]	8	Prospective non-controlled	200	100
Bromer et al[30]	63	Retrospective	100 (n = 13) 200 (n = 44) Unknown (n = 6)	43
Rameshshanker et al[31]	21	Retrospective	200	62
Miller et al[32]	10	Prospective non-controlled	80-100	100
Arts et al[33]	20	Prospective non-controlled	100	100
Friedenberg et al[26]	32	RCT	200	37.5
Arts et al[27]	23	RCT	100	1001
Coleski et al[4]	179	Retrospective	100-200	51

¹100% improvement was seen on botulinum toxin as well as normal saline so botox was not proved to be better than placebo. RCT: Randomized-controlled trial; n: Number of patients.