Feasibility and safety of endoscopic cryoablation at the duodenal papilla: Porcine model

Table 1 Laboratory findings from survival animals (n = 4) at baseline (prior to liquid nitrogen cryospray application), on post-cryotherapy day #1 and #7

Lab	Mean (range)			P value
	Baseline	Day 1	Day 7
Hemogloobin, g/dL	11.2 (10.2-12.3)	11.8 (11.1-12.3)	11 (9.9-11.6)	0.36
White blood count, K/µL	16.6 (12.9-17.4)	19.8 (14.1-22)	17.4 (15-21.9)	0.53
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L	98.8 (90-112)	102 (93-112)	84.5 (72-100)	0.15
Alanine transaminase, U/L	44.3 (32-52)	57.5 (47-80)	53.5 (45-57)	0.25
Aspartate transaminase, U/L	22.8 (16-31)	117.3 (24-385)	22.3 (17-29)	0.37
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	0.2 (0.1-0.3)	0.2 (0.1-0.2)	0.1 (0.1-0.2)	0.53
Lipase, U/L	5.5 (4-8)	9.3 (6-11)	4.8 (2-9)	0.06

Table 2 Histology findings

Swine	Baseline1		Day 72
	Crypt architecture	Inflammation	Crypt Architecture	Inflammation
1	Normal	None	Moderate necrosis	Moderate
2	Normal	None	Moderate necrosis and extensive debris	Moderate to severe
3	Normal	None	Severe necrosis and moderate debris	Severe with dense fibrosis
4	Normal	None	Moderate necrosis and extensive debris	Moderate

¹Mucosal biopsies of duodenal papilla prior to cryotherapy;

²Mucosal biopsies obtained from cryotherapy site at duodenal papilla 7 d following liquid nitrogen cryospray application.