Copyright
©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Apr 16, 2015; 7(4): 403-410
Published online Apr 16, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i4.403
Published online Apr 16, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i4.403
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and a negative capsule endoscopy (n = 113)
% (n) | |
Age | |
≤ 65 years old | 37.2 (42) |
> 65 years old | 62.8 (71) |
Gender | |
Female | 64.6 (73) |
Male | 35.4 (40) |
Comorbidities | |
Chronic kidney disease | 12.4 (14) |
Aortic stenosis | 6.3 (7) |
Prior angiodysplasia | 3.5 (4) |
Medication | |
None relevant | 54 (61) |
Single anti-platelet agent | 16.8 (19) |
Anticoagulant | 7.1 (8) |
NSAID | 7.1 (8) |
Double anti-platelet agent | 5.3 (6) |
SSRI | 3.5 (4) |
Occult OGIB | 69 (78) |
Iron deficiency anemia | 63 (71) |
Overt OGIB | 31 (35) |
Melena | 19.5 (22) |
Hematochezia | 11.5 (13) |
[Hb] prior to WCE (median; IQR; g/L) | 86 (70-100) |
Transfusional needs prior to WCE (RBC units; median; IQR) | 1 (1-2) |
Technical Issues | |
Gastric Transit Time (min; median; IQR) | 18 (11-37) |
Small-bowel Transit Time (min; median; IQR) | 253 (216-323) |
WCE per Examiner (%) | |
Person A | 42.5 (n = 48) |
Person B | 38.9 (n = 44) |
Person C | 9.7 (n = 11) |
Person D | 8.9 (n = 10) |
Table 2 Characteristics of patients with a negative capsule endoscopy
Variable | All | Non re-bleeders | Re-bleeders | P |
Age (years old) | 67 ± 15 | 65 ± 15 | 72 ± 11 | 0.007 |
Gender (M/F) | 40/73 | 27/55 | 13/18 | 0.386 |
OGIB presentation (n) | ||||
Occult | 79 | 61 | 18 | 0.067 |
Overt | 34 | 21 | 13 | |
[Hb] (median) | 86 | 86 | 79 | 0.143 |
Anticoagulant use (n) | 11 | 4 | 7 | 0.009 |
Small-bowel Transit time (median) | 253 | 253.5 | 251.5 | 0.650 |
Table 3 Univariate and Multivariate analysis via Cox proportional hazard regression model: Re-bleeding risk factors in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and a negative capsule endoscopy
Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
HR | 95%CI | P | HR | 95%CI | P | |
Female | 1.408 | 0.676-2.929 | 0.361 | |||
Age > 65 years old | 3.599 | 1.364-9.501 | 0.010 | 2.591 | 0.951-7.060 | 0.063 |
Chronic kidney disease | 3.498 | 1.265-9.671 | 0.016 | 2.252 | 0.749-6.770 | 0.148 |
Aortic stenosis | 4.159 | 1.412-12.247 | 0.010 | 1.548 | 0.352-6.811 | 0.563 |
Prior angiodysplasia | 3.637 | 0.851-15.457 | 0.081 | |||
Bleeding-related drugs | 1.586 | 0.761-3.304 | 0.219 | |||
Anticoagulant use | 3.903 | 1.542-9.875 | 0.004 | 2.699 | 0.705-10.330 | 0.147 |
Overt OGIB | 2.104 | 1.011-4.380 | 0.047 | 1.986 | 0.933-4.231 | 0.075 |
[Hb] < 80 g/L | 1.857 | 0.868-3.970 | 0.111 | |||
Transfusional (RBC) needs prior to WCE | 1.122 | 0.919-1.370 | 0.257 |
Table 4 Comparison between patients presenting with occult/overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding
Variable | Occult OGIB | Overt OGIB | P |
Age (years old) | 66 | 68 | 0.448 |
Sex (M/F) | 24/54 | 16/19 | 0.141 |
[Hb] (median) | 8.9 | 7.9 | 0.015 |
Anticoagulant use (n) | 8 | 3 | 1.000 |
Time from OGIB to WCE (d; median) | 31 | 29 | 0.653 |
Follow-up period (mo; median) | 48 | 42 | 0.450 |
Rebleeding cumulative events (at 12 mo) (n) | 9% (7) | 21% (7) | 0.133 |
Rebleeding cumulative events (at 36 mo) (n) | 20% (13) | 39% (11) | |
Rebleeding cumulative events (at 60 mo) (n) | 29% (16) | 39% (11) | |
Rebleeding cumulative events (at 84 mo) (n) | 34% (17) | 49% (12) | |
Rebleeding cumulative events (total) (n) | 17 | 12 | |
Time to rebleeding event (mo; IQR) | 22 (6-33) | 8.5 (0.5-27) | 0.257 |
- Citation: Magalhães-Costa P, Bispo M, Santos S, Couto G, Matos L, Chagas C. Re-bleeding events in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after negative capsule endoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 7(4): 403-410
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v7/i4/403.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v7.i4.403