Review of the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal bezoars

Table 1 Net intensity of elements determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in a persimmon phytobezoar

	Surface layer	Inner part	P value
C	52.91 ± 13.88	62.30 ± 15.77	0.35
O	22.42 ± 5.95	43.71 ± 14.56	< 0.05
Na	12.77 ± 5.09	21.24 ± 6.26	< 0.05
Al	9.98 ± 2.55	13.01 ± 2.64	0.1
Y	160.62 ± 29.73	209.37 ± 38.48	0.06
S	16.96 ± 3.22	5.27 ± 1.95	< 0.01
Fe	9.88 ± 1.69	2.02 ± 1.17	< 0.01
Os	45.02 ± 3.96	60.35 ± 6.26	< 0.01

For comparisons, statistical analyses were performed by t tests. C: Carbon; O: Oxygen; Na: Sodium; Al: Aluminum; Y: Yttrium; S: Sulfur; Fe: Iron; Os: Osmium.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of bezoar patients

	n (%)
Total	31
Female	18 (58.1)
Median age (yr, range)	74 (10-93)
Past histories
Diabetes mellitus	3 (9.7)
Surgery of gastrointestinal tract	11 (35.5)
Symptoms
Pain	11 (35.5)
Bloody or tarry stool	5 (16.1)
Abdominal fullness	5 (16.1)
Discomfort	5 (16.1)
Anemia	4 (12.9)
Difficulty of swallowing	3 (9.7)
Hematemesis	3 (9.7)
Nausea	3 (9.7)
Anorexia	1 (3.2)
Faint	1 (3.2)
None	3 (9.7)
Bezoar location
Stomach	29 (93.5)
Small intestine	2 (6.5)
Diagnosis modality
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy	23 (74.2)
Computed tomography	8 (25.8)
Complications of bezoar
Gastric ulcer	201 (64.5)
Ileus	31 (9.7)
Reflux esophagitis	1 (3.2)
Acute gastric mucosal lesions	1 (3.2)
Duodenal ulcer	1 (3.2)
None	6 (19.4)

¹One patient presented with both gastric ulcer and ileus.