Current status and future applications of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography

doi:10.4253/wjge.v6.i4.121

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Apr 16, 2014; 6(4): 121-127
Published online Apr 16, 2014. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v6.i4.121

Table 1 Contrast agents for ultrasonography[7]

Contrast agent	Composition	Manufacturer
First generation
Albunex	5% Sonicated serum albumin with stabilized microbubbles	Mallinckrodt
Echovist (SHU 454)	Standardized microbubbles with galactose shell	Schering
Levovist (SHU 508)	Stabilized, standardized microbubbles with galactose, 0.1% palmitic acid shell	Schering
Myomap	Albumin shell	Quadrant
Qantison	Albumin shell	Quadrant
Sonavist	Cyanoacrylate shell	Schering
Second generation
Deﬁnity/luminity	C3F8 with lipid stabilizer shell	Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging
Sonazoid	C4F10 with lipid stabilizer shell	GE Healthcare
Imagent-Imavist	C6F14 with lipid stabilizer shell	Alliance
Optison	C3F8 with denatured human albumin shell	GE Healthcare
Bisphere/cardiosphere	Polylactide-coglycolide shell with albumin overcoat	Commercially unavailable
SonoVue	SF6 gas with lipid stabilizer shell	Bracco
AI700/imagify	C4F10 gas core stabilized with polymer shell	Acusphere

Third generation
Echogen	Dodecaﬂuoropentane (DDFP) liquid in phase shift colloid emulsion	Sonus Pharmaceuticals

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Citation: Yip HC, Teoh AYB, Chong CCN, Lau JYW. Current status and future applications of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 6(4): 121-127
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v6/i4/121.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v6.i4.121