Intraductal endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hilar non-resectable malignant bile duct obstruction

Table 1 Overview of all patients treated with radiofrequency ablation for hilar malignancies included in our study

Patient	Patient gender/age	Tumor location	No. of RFA treatment cycles	Follow-up (mo)	Outcome
1	F/78	CCA Bismuth IV	2	6.4	Dead
2	F/73	Intrahepatic CCA	1	0.3	Dead
3	M/72	CCA Bismuth IV	5	19.8	Alive
4	M/85	CCA Bismuth IV	2	6.2	Dead
5	M/81	CCA Bismuth IV	1	1.1	Dead
6	M/33	Gastric carcinoma	1	Lost to follow up	-
7	F/77	Gallbladder cancer	1	6.6	Dead
8	F/78	CCA Bismuth IV	1	1.3	Dead
9	M/47	CCA Bismuth IV	1	14.1	Alive
10	F/78	CCA Bismuth IV	1	1.2	Dead
11	M/61	Gallbladder cancer	1	4.0	Alive
12	M/72	Intrahepatic CCA	1	2.9	Alive

The number of RFAs denotes the number of treatment cycles during follow-up. The number of follow-up months denotes the months from the first RFA in each patient. CCA: Cholangiocarcinoma; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; F: Female; M: Male.

Table 2 Literature overview of studies investigating the use of endoscopically-guided intraductal radiofrequency ablation in malignant biliary obstruction, localization of included tumors and complications are also listed for each study

Ref.	Year	n	Localization of the tumor	Complications
Figueroa-Barojas et al[15]	2011	8	Intra- and extra-hepatic	Pain: 4
				Pancreatitis and Cholecystitis: 1
Steel et al[12]	2011	21	Extrahepatic	Empyema of the gallbladder: 1
Dolak et al[16]	2012	43	Intrahepatic	Hemobilia: 2
				Liver infarction: 1
				Empyema of the gallbladder: 1
				Cholangitis: 1
Mizandari et al[17]	2012	39	Intra- and extrahepatic	Pain: 15
Own experience	2013	12	Intrahepatic	Hemobilia: 3 (2 deaths)