Diagnosis and management of gastric antral vascular ectasia

Table 1 Histological score systems for diagnosis of gastric antral vascular ectasia

	Gastric antral vascular ectasia score(range 0-5)		Gilliam’s score(range 0-4)
Score	Fibrin thrombi and/or vascular ectasia	Spindle cell proliferation	Fibrohyalinosis
0	Both absent	Absent	Absent
1	One present	Increased	Present
2	Both present	Marked increased	-

Table 2 Differential diagnosis between portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia

Features	Portal hypertensive gastropathy	Gastric antral vascular ectasia
Site	Fundus-corpus	Antrum
Endoscopic pattern	Combination of: Mosaic-like pattern Red point lesions Cherry red spots Black-brown spots	Red spots organised: Striped-pattern (watermelon-stomach) Diffused-pattern (honeycomb-stomach)
Histological pattern	Not specific	Highly specific
Response to	Present	Absent
β-Blockers/transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt/portocaval shunts

Table 3 Gastric antral vascular ectasia and associated diseases

Associated disease	Prevalence (%)	Ref.
Autoimmune diseases	60
Raynaud's phenomenon		[10]
Sclerodactyly		[10]
Sjogren's syndrome		[19]
Systemic sclerosis		[21,32]
Primary biliary cirrhosis		[10,32]
Systemic lupus erythematosus		[20]
Liver cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension	30	[22-24]
Others	10
Chronic renal failure		[10]
Bone marrow transplantation		[25]
Cardiac diseases		[10,26]