Efficacy and safety of pretraction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection for treating rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients and tumors, n (%)

	p-ESD group (n = 49)	c-ESD group (n = 54)	P value
Age (years)	48.9 ± 11.5	50.2 ± 9.9	0.1011
Sex			0.4812
Male	27 (55.1)	26 (48.1)
Female	22 (44.9)	28 (51.9)
Tumor location			0.2822
Upper rectum	10 (20.4)	16 (29.6)
Lower rectum	39 (79.6)	38 (70.4)
Tumor size, cm	0.6 (0.3-1.4)	0.5 (0.2-1.3)	0.1233
Pathological grade
G1	46 (93.9)	49 (90.7)	0.8222
G2	3 (6.1)	5 (9.3)
Vascular invasion	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0.4764
Lymphatic invasion	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-
Additional surgery	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0.4764

¹Student’s t-test.

²χ² test.

³Mann-Whitney U test.

⁴Fisher’s exact test.

p-ESD: Pretraction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection; c-ESD: Conventional pretraction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Table 2 Clinical outcomes in the pretraction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection and conventional pretraction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection groups, n (%)

		p-ESD group (n = 49)	c-ESD group (n = 54)	P value
Dissection time, minutes		9.03 (7.0-12.3)	14.9 (11.0-20.5)	< 0.0011
En bloc resection		49 (100)	54 (100)	1.000
R0 resection		49 (100)	48 (88.9)	0.0282
Adverse events
Minor intraoperative bleeding		5 (10.2)	14 (25.9)	0.040
Major intraoperative bleeding		2 (4.1)	10 (18.5)	0.0302
Delayed bleeding		0 (0.0)	2 (3.7)	0.4962
Muscularis propria injury	0 (0.0)	9 (16.7)	0.0032
Intraoperative perforation	0 (0.0)	3 (5.6)	0.2442
Delayed perforation	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-
Tumor recurrence		0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-

¹Mann-Whitney U test.

²Fisher’s exact test.

p-ESD: Pretraction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection; c-ESD: Conventional pretraction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection.