Minimally invasive approaches to obesity: Evaluating the efficacy and safety of endoscopic gastroplasty

Table 1 comparative overview of bariatric procedures: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty vs intragastric balloon vs laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy vs Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Procedure	Mean total weight loss at 12 months	Serious adverse event rate	Reversibility	Key advantages
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty	15%–18%	< 5%	Yes	Minimally invasive, reversible, low complication rate, no anatomical alteration
Intragastric balloon	8%–12%	< 5%	Yes	Temporary, low cost, non-anatomical
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy	25%–30%	5%–10%	No	Greater weight loss, long-term evidence base
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass	30%–35%	7%–15%	No	High metabolic efficacy, significant comorbidity resolution (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus remission)