Practical guide to duodenal stenting for gastric outlet obstruction: Clinical outcomes, selection criteria, placement techniques, and management strategies

Table 1 Gastric outlet obstruction scoring system

Score	Oral intake status
0	Unable to consume orally (completely unable to eat)
1	Able to consume only liquids (only fluid diet)
2	Able to consume semi-solid foods (e.g., soup, yogurt)
3	Able to consume normal diet (no dietary restrictions)

Table 2 Summary of the characteristics of various non-covered duodenal stents

Product name	Manufacturer	Structure	Shape	Stent outer diameter	Re-sheath-ability1
Niti-S pyloric & duodenal stent	Century Medical	Hook	Straight	22 mm	No
JENTLLY NEO duodenal stent	Japan Lifeline	Cross and hook	Straight	22 mm	No
HANAROSTENT Naturfit duo	Boston Scientific	Cross and hook	Straight	22 mm	Yes
WallFlex duodenal soft	Boston Scientific	Cross	Partial flare	Body: 22 mm, Flare: 27 mm	Yes
Evolution duodenal stent	Cook Medical	Cross	Double flare	Body: 22 mm, Flare: 27 mm	Yes

¹Re-sheathability refers to the capability of stent withdrawal into the delivery system after partial deployment, allowing repositioning if necessary.

Table 3 Clinical outcomes of gastroduodenal stenting

Technical success	Clinical success	Bleeding	Perforation	Obstruction	Migration	Median stent patency duration
97.3%	85.7%	4.1% (severe 0.8%)	1.2%	12.6%	4.3%	68-307 days