Clinical, endoscopic and histopathological observation of a rare case of esophageal submucosal gland duct adenoma: A case report

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of the present case of esophageal submucosal gland duct adenoma and the 23 cases in prior literature

Ref.	Age (years)/gender	Symptoms	Location	Gross morphology/size (cm)	Histological morphology	Dysplasia	Necrosis/mitotic figures	Ki-67 index	Follow-up
Tsutsumi et al[6], 1990	77/male	Nausea	M	Globoid polyp/1.0	Multiple mycrocysts and papillary proliferation with two layers of cells	Mild and moderate	None/some	NM	Well over 2 years
Takubo et al[5], 1993	58/male	Abdominal discomfort	M	Dome-like polyp/0.8	Papillary and tubular structures with two layers of cells	None	None/none	NM	Well over 6 months
Rouse et al[8], 1995	81/male	Dysphagia	GEJ	Pedunculated polyp/1.5	Tubules and cystic lumens filled with papillae by two layer of cells	None	None/rare	NM	Well over 12 months
Su et al[7], 1998	70/male	Abdominal fullness	L	Broad-based polypoid/1.0	Papillary glandulars with two layers of cells	Benign	None/none	NM	Well over 12 months
Agawa et al[9], 2003	71/male	NM	L	Sessile polypoid tumor/1.5	Dilated gland ducts containing papillary and tubular components with two layers of cells	Benign	None/ none	NM	Well over 12 months
Hayashi[10] 2004	60/female	Abdominal discomfort	M	Dome-like protruding lesion/1.1	Cysts, papillary and tubular proliferation with two layers of cells	Minimal	None/none	NM	Well over 11 years
Chinen et al[11], 2004	67/female	None	L	Polypoid lesion/0.6	Multiple cysts, tubules and papillae with two layers of cells	Mild	None /rare	NM	Well over 6 months
Harada et al[12], 2007	75/male	NM	L	Well demarcated without a capsule/0.3	Papillary and cystic structures with two layers of cells	Minimum	None/rare	1%-2%	NM
Nie et al[13], 2016	74/male	Retrosternal discomfort	L	Dome-like polypoid tumor/0.5	Multiple glandular cysts and papillary folds with two layers of cells,	Minimum	None/none	1%	Well over 4.5 years
	54/female	Abdominal discomfort and heartburn	L	Hemispherical protruding lesion/0.3	Multiple glandular cysts and papillary folds with two layers of cells,	Minimum	None/none	1%	Well over 4 years
	45/male	NM	L	Hemispherical protruding lesion/0.4	Multiple glandular cysts and papillary folds with two layers of cells,	Minimum	None/none	1%	Well
Shibata et al[14], 2017	66/female	None	L	Slightly protruding tumor/0.5	Dilated ducts and papillary proliferations with two layers of cells	Slight	None/none	2%	NM
Genere et al[15], 2019	78/female	Dysphagia	U	Submucosal mass with well-defined borders/2.0	Multiple lobulated cystic proliferations of two layers of cells	Mild	None/rare	NM	Well
Yamamoto et al[16], 2020	73/female	None	L	Subepithelial tumor with a central depression/0.8	Tubular and cystic pattern with two-cells layers	None	None/none	NM	Well
Chen et al[17], 2023	58/male	Gastro-esophageal reflux symptoms	L	Hard mass with well-defined heterogeneous/3.5	Cystic pattern with two layers of cells	Benign	None/rare	NM	Well over 12 months
Hua et al[18], 2025	65/male	None	U	SMT/0.5	Glandular ducts, cysts and papillae, with two-cells layers	Bland	None/none	< 1%	Well over 68 months
	75/male	Loss of appetite	U	SMT/1.5					Well over 46 months
	65/male	Belching, acid reflex	M	SMT/1.5					Well over 36 months
	55/female	Discomfort during swallow	L	SMT/0.5					Well over 25 months
	51/female	Acid reflux, vomiting	L	SMT/0.8					Well over 24 months
	73/male	Abdominal pain	L	SMT/0.3					Well over 50 months
	63/male	None	GEJ	SMT/2.0					Well over 37 months
Our case	70/male	Abdominal discomfort	GEJ	Hemispherical bulge/0.5	Tubular, cysts and papillary structures with two layers of cells	Few	None/none	< 5%	Well over 69 months

M: Middle esophagus; GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction; L: Lower esophagus, U: Upper esophagus; SMT: Submucosal tumor, NM: Not mentioned.