Efficacy and applications for PuraStat® use in the management of unselected gastrointestinal bleeding: A retrospective observational study

Table 1 General demographic, biochemical and endoscopic data, n = 45, n (%)

Variable	Value
Demographic data
Age (mean ± SD)	65.8 ± 13.2
Gender	Female 17 (37.8)/male 28 (62.2)
Antiplatelet (aspirin 4, aspirin + clopidogrel 1, clopidogrel 1, prasugel 1)	7 (15.6)
Anticoagulant (DOAC 8, Warfarin 2, Heparin 1)	12 (26.7)
PPI	27 (60)
Charlson index score
0	7 (15.6)
1-2	11 (24.4)
3-4	18 (40)
≥ 5	9 (20)
Transfusion	26 (57.8)
Type of episode
First episode	31 (68.9)
Re-bleeding	13 (28.9)
Second look	1 (2.2)
Biological data (mean ± SD)
BP initial	113 ± 24.4
BP lower 24 hours	107 ± 23.1
HR initial	91.7 ± 21.7
HR higher 24 hours	95.9 ± 21.3
Hb initial	9.2 ± 2.6
Hb lower 24 hours	8.3 ± 2.6
Endoscopic data
Type of procedures
Gastroscopy	35 (77.7)
Colonoscopy	7 (15.5)
ERCP	2 (4.4)
Enteroscopy	1 (2.2)
Type of lesions
Peptic ulcer	15 (33.3)
Postpolypectomy bleeding	8 (17.8)
Neoplasia	6 (13.3)
Peptic oesophagitis	5 (11.1)
Post-sphincterotomy	2 (4.4)
Others	9 (20)

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; BP: Blood pressure; HR: Heart rate; Hb: Haemoglobin; DOAC: Direct oral anti coagulant.

Table 2 Outcome in whole cohort and in the subgroup with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%)

	Mortality yes/no	P value
All patients outcome, n = 45
PuraStat® alone	2 (12.5)/14 (87.5)	0.69
In combination	6 (20.7)/23 (79.3)
Blood transfusion
Yes	8 (30.8)/18 (69.2)	0.014
No	0 (0.0)/19 (100)
Rebleeding
Yes	4 (80)/1 (20)	0.002
No	4 (10)/36 (90)
Charlson score (mean ± SD)	4.67 ± 2.8/2.69 ± 2.0	0.081
Charlson score
≤ 2	0 (0.0)/18 (100)	0.01
> 2	8 (29.8)/19 (70.2)
Subgroup UGIB n = 35
PuraStat® alone	2 (14.3)/12 (85.7)	0.43
In combination	6 (28.6)/15 (71.4)
Charlson score		0.046
≤ 2	0 (0.0)/13 (100)
> 2	8 (36.4)/14 (63.6)

UGIB: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Table 3 Subgroup upper gastrointestinal bleeding (gastroscopy), n = 35, n (%)

Variable	Value
Demographic data
Age (mean ± SD)	65.8 ± 13.7
Gender	Female 15 (42.9)/male 20 (57.1)
Antiplatelet (aspirin 3, clopidogrel 1)	4 (11.4)
Anticoagulant (DOAC 8, warfarin 2, heparin 1)	10 (28.6)
Charlson index score
0	5 (14.3)
1-2	8 (22.9)
3-4	13 (37.1)
≥ 5	9 (25.7)
Transfusion	26 (74.3)
Type of episode
First episode	22 (62.9)
Re-bleeding	12 (34.3)
Second look	1 (2.9)
Biological data (mean ± SD)
BP initial	111 ± 25.5
BP lower 24 hours	103 ± 22.9
HR initial	94.2 ± 22.8
HR higher 24 hours	98.5 ± 22.6
Hb initial	8.5 ± 3.6
Hb lower 24 hours	7.6 ±2.6
Endoscopic data
Type of lesions
Peptic ulcer	15 (42.8)
Neoplasia	6 (17.1)
Peptic oesophagitis	5 (14.3)
Vascular	3 (8.5)
Post polypectomy bleeding	1 (2.9)
Others	5 (14.3)
Ulcer Forrest	Ib 3 (20), Ia 6 (40), IIb 3 (20), IIc1 (6.7), III 2 (13.3)

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; BP: Blood pressure; HR: Heart rate; Hb: Haemoglobin; DOAC: Direct oral anti coagulant.