Rectal neuroendocrine tumours and the role of emerging endoscopic techniques

Table 1 Endoscopic techniques for rectal neuroendocrine tumour resection

Technique	Size limitation	En bloc resection rate (%)	R0 resection rate (%)	Procedural time (min)	Availability
C-EMR	< 10 mm	36.4-80	27.3-76.8	3.3 ± 0.8	Widely available
M-EMR	< 10 mm	89.3-100	88.0-93.5	5.7 ± 1.2	Available
EMR-C	< 10 mm	87.0-100	69.4-94.1	4.2 ± 2.0	Available
ESD	< 20 mm	98.2-100	90.38-93.8	8.1 ± 9.4/19.8 ± 11.3	Limited to experienced centres
KAR	< 10 mm	Limited to case series	Limited to case series	Limited to case series	Available

C-EMR: Conventional endoscopic mucosal resection; M-EMR: Modified endoscopic mucosal resection; EMR-C: Cap-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; KAR: Knife-assisted snare resection.