Disparities in esophageal cancer incidence and esophageal adenocarcinoma mortality in the United States over the last 25-40 years

Table 1 Age adjusted incidence rates per 100000 (1992-2016) and annual percent change in esophageal squamous cell and adenocarcinoma for different racial groups in the United States

	nHW		nHB		Hisp
	EAC	ESCC	EAC	ESCC	EAC	ESCC
1992-2016 APC	2.2	-2.5	2.6	-5.2	1.5	-3.1
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Year	Rate	Rate	Rate	Rate	Rate	Rate
1992	1.7	1.8	0.4	8.8	0.8	2.2
1993	1.8	1.8	0.5	8.4	1	1.9
1994	1.8	1.7	0.3	7.6	1.1	1.6
1995	1.9	1.8	0.3	7.3	0.9	1.8
1996	2.3	1.6	0.6	7.9	1.1	1.4
1997	2.2	1.6	0.5	6.4	1.4	1.4
1998	2.3	1.6	0.3	5.7	1.1	1.1
1999	2.6	1.5	0.6	5.4	1.5	1.7
2000	2.6	1.4	0.6	5.2	1.2	1.4
2001	2.5	1.6	0.6	4.9	1.4	1.3
2002	2.6	1.3	0.6	4.9	1.2	1.1
2003	2.7	1.3	0.4	5.3	0.9	1.1
2004	3	1.5	0.5	4.7	1.5	1.4
2005	2.7	1.3	0.7	3.9	1.3	1.1
2006	2.9	1.2	0.5	4.1	0.8	1
2007	3	1.2	0.7	3.7	1.1	1.2
2008	3.2	1.1	0.9	3.5	1.2	0.9
2009	3	1.3	0.9	3.6	1.4	1
2010	2.9	1.1	0.6	3.4	1.2	1.3
2011	3.2	1.2	0.6	2.7	1.6	0.9
2012	3	1.1	0.8	2.6	1.8	0.9
2013	3.1	1.1	0.8	2.9	1.3	0.9
2014	3	1	0.8	2.7	1.3	0.9
2015	3.1	1.1	0.6	2.4	1.6	0.9
2016	3	0.9	0.8	2.7	1.5	0.8

ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell; EAC: Adenocarcinoma; nHB: Non-Hispanic Blacks; nHW: Non-Hispanic Blacks; Hisp: Hispanics.

Table 2 Age adjusted esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence rates per 100000, United States ethnic groups (1975-2015)

Year	All races	nHW	nHB	Others (American Indian/AK Native, Asian/PI)
1975	0.4	0.4	0.2	0
1976	0.4	0.4	0.1	0
1977	0.4	0.4	0	0
1978	0.4	0.4	0.2	0
1979	0.7	0.7	0.1	0.1
1980	0.5	0.6	0.1	0
1981	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.1
1982	0.6	0.6	0.1	0
1983	0.8	0.9	0.1	0.2
1984	0.7	0.8	0.2	0.3
1985	0.8	0.9	0.4	0.1
1986	0.9	1	0.2	0.5
1987	1.1	1.2	0.1	0
1988	1.1	1.3	0.2	0.1
1989	1.1	1.3	0.1	0.3
1990	1.3	1.5	0.5	0.4
1991	1.3	1.5	0.2	0.4
1992	1.5	1.7	0.3	0.4
1993	1.6	1.8	0.4	0.5
1994	1.6	1.8	0.3	0.6
1995	1.6	1.8	0.3	0.5
1996	2	2.3	0.5	0.7
1997	1.9	2.2	0.5	0.3
1998	2	2.4	0.3	0.2
1999	2.2	2.6	0.5	0.3
2000	2.2	2.6	0.6	0.7
2001	2.2	2.5	0.4	0.5
2002	2.2	2.6	0.5	0.4
2003	2.2	2.6	0.4	0.4
2004	2.7	3.1	0.6	0.8
2005	2.4	2.8	0.7	0.9
2006	2.4	2.9	0.5	0.6
2007	2.5	3	0.6	0.5
2008	2.7	3.2	0.8	0.8
2009	2.5	3	0.6	0.6
2010	2.4	2.8	0.6	0.7
2011	2.6	3.1	0.5	0.5
2012	2.6	3.1	0.7	0.5
2013	2.6	3.1	0.7	0.4
2014	2.5	3	0.7	0.7
2015	2.7	3.2	0.6	0.8
2016	2.6	3.1	0.5	0.8

nHB: Non-Hispanic Blacks; nHW: Non-Hispanic Blacks; PI: Pacific islanders.

Table 3 Relative survival rates of different ethnic and racial groups for esophageal adenocarcinoma (2007-2016)

Mo	Non-Hispanic White (%)	Non-Hispanic Black (%)	Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (%)	Non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (%)	Hispanic (%)
12	48.80	44.10	33.10	46.00	46.20
24	30.60	26.90	23.10	27.30	29.40
36	23.50	18.20	19.30	21.30	22.30
48	20.20	14.60	17.50	15.00	17.70
60	18.20	14.20	17.50	12.30	14.30