Complication rates in emergent endoscopy for foreign bodies under different sedation modalities: A large single-center retrospective review

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics among different sedation modalities (n = 929)

	Conscious sedation (n = 353), n (%)	Monitored anesthesia care (n = 278), n (%)	General anesthesia (n = 298), n (%)	Total (n = 929), n (%)	P value
Gender
Male	226 (64.02)	131 (47.12)	176 (59.06)	533 (57.37)	< 0.0001
Median age	58 (45-74)	39 (33-64)	46 (33-67)	52 (33-69)	< 0.0001
Type of impaction
Food bolus	292 (82.72)	138 (49.64)	167 (56.04)	597 (64.26)	< 0.0001
Foreign object	61 (17.28)	140 (50.36)	131 (43.96)	332 (35.74)
Presence of chronic co-morbidities	58 (16.43)	45 (16.19)	29 (9.73)	132 (14.21)	0.0270
Patient with mental health disorder	30 (8.50)	131 (47.12)	108 (36.24)	269 (28.96)	< 0.0001
Periprocedural airway compromise	2 (0.57)	5 (1.80)	6 (2.01)	13 (1.40)	0.2449
Overtube used	16 (4.53)	41 (14.75)	45 (15.10)	102 (10.98)	< 0.001

Table 2 Types of adverse events encountered during/after emergent endoscopy

Endoscopic adverse events	n (%)
Early adverse events (n = 110)
Local adverse events
Bleeding	24 (2.58)
Mucosal Lacerations	35 (3.77)
Perforation	4 (0.43)
Respiratory associated adverse events
Failure to extubate	3 (0.32)
Hypoxia	12 (1.29)
Aspiration	10 (1.08)
Pain
Chest pain	4 (0.43)
Abdominal pain	10 (1.08)
Delayed Adverse events (n = 53)
Aspiration pneumonia/hypoxia	17 (1.83)
Abdominal pain	15 (1.61)
Bleeding	4 (0.43)
Fever	7 (0.75)
Perforation	3 (0.32)
Chest pain	6 (0.65)

Table 3 Comparison of adverse event rates and hospitalization rates

Variable	Adverse event (n = 151), n (%)	P value	Hospitalization (n = 374), n (%)	P value
Type of anesthesia
Conscious sedation	52 (14.73)	0.1902	87 (25.44)	< 0.0001
MAC	41 (14.75)		142 (51.45)
General anesthesia	58 (19.46)		145 (50.35)
Type of Impaction
Foreign object	67 (20.18)	0.0156	199 (60.86)	< 0.0001
Food bolus	84 (14.07)		175 (30.22)
Severe comorbidity
Yes	29 (21.97)	0.0547	63 (49.61)	0.0399
No	122 (15.31)		311 (39.92)
Use of instrument
Yes	117 (18.11)	0.0204	288 (45.93)	< 0.0001
No (push method only)	34 (12.01)		86 (30.82)