Endoscopic treatment modalities and outcomes in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics, n (%)

Patient characteristic	Number (n = 161)
Mean age (yr) ± SD	64.0 ± 14.7
Gender
Male	112 (69.6)
Female	49 (30.4)
Race
Chinese	123 (76.4)
Malay	23 (14.3)
Indian	7 (4.3)
Others	8 (5.0)
ASA score
1	27 (16.8)
2	23 (14.3)
3	111 (68.9)
4	0
5	0
Blood thinning agent
Taking	48 (29.8)
Not taking	113 (70.2)
Bleeding dyscrasia
Present	8 (5.0)
Absent	152 (94.4)
Bleeding point
Single	142 (88.2)
> 1	19 (11.8)
Admitted for bleeding initially
Yes	118 (73.3)
No	43 (26.7)

SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Baseline treatment characteristics, n (%)

Treatment characteristic	Number (n = 161)
Number of hemoclips used
0	87 (54.0)
1	22 (13.7)
2	48 (29.8)
3	2 (1.2)
4	1 (0.6)
Volume of adrenaline used (mL)
0	9 (5.6)
≤ 10	100 (62.1)
> 10	52 (32.3)
Heater probe use
Yes	79 (49.1)
No	82 (50.1)
Number of treatment modalities
≤ 2	127 (78.9)
> 2	34 (21.1)

Table 3 Outcomes, n (%)

Outcomes	Number (n = 161)
Rebleeding
Yes	42 (26.1)
No	119 (73.9)
Need for repeat endoscopy
Yes	47 (29.2)
No	114 (70.8)
Need for surgery
Yes	1 (0.6)
No	160 (99.4)
Transfusion requirement
-Number of units of PRBC’s (Median/IQR)	2/0-3
Length of hospital stay
-Number of days (Median/IQR)	6/4-13
Death during same admission
Yes	10 (6.2)
No	151 (93.8)
30-d mortality
Yes	0
No	151 (93.8)

PRBC: Packed red blood cell; IQR: Interquartile range.