Different options of endosonography-guided biliary drainage after endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography failure

Table 1 Demographics and treatment success of patients submitted to endosonography-guided biliary drainage due to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography failure

	EUS-BD	EUS-RV	EUS-ASI	EUS-HG	EUS-CD
n (%)	24 (100)	7 (29)	5 (21)	6 (25)	6 (25)
Sex (M/F)	13/11	5/2	1/4	4/2	3/3
Age (range), yr	67.8 (42-91)	67.7 (42-84)	60.8 (42-70)	68.2 (50-81)	73.5 (52-91)
Reasons for ERCP failure (n)	-	-	-	-	-
Malignant duodenal stenosis	8	2	3	2	1
Malignant papillary infiltration	7	1	2	1	3
Impossibility of access to the common bile duct or intrahepatic duct	7	2	0	3	2
Giant duodenal diverticulum	1	1	0	0	0
Billroth II gastrectomy without access to the duodenal papilla	1	1	0	0	0
Indications for EUS-BD	-	-	-	-	-
Malignant	20	3	5	6	6
Pancreatic cancer	13	3	4	2	4
Liver metastases of colon cancer	4	0	0	3	1
Cholangiocarcinoma	1	0	0	1	0
Duodenal lymphoma	1	0	1	0	0
Papillary cancer	1	0	0	0	1
Benign	4	4	0	0	0
Common bile duct stones	2	2	0	0	0
Biliary necrotizing acute pancreatitis	1	1	0	0	0
Recurrent acute pancreatitis due to sphincter of Oddi dysfunction	1	1	0	0	0
Technical success n (%)	20 (83.3)	5 (71.4)	5 (100)	5 (83.3)	5 (83.3)
Clinical success (%)	18 (75)	4 (57.1)	5 (100)	4 (66.7)	5 (83.3)
Complications (%)	3 (12.5)	2 (28.5)	0 (0)	1 (16.7)	0 (0)

EUS-BD: Endosonography-guided biliary drainage; EUS-RV: Endosonography-guided rendez-vous; EUS-ASI: Endosonography-guided anterograde stent insertion; EUS-HG: Endosonography-guided hepaticogastrostomy; EUS-CD: Endosonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy.