Rare gastrointestinal lymphomas: The endoscopic investigation

Figure 1 Differences in endoscopic pattern between B-cell and T-cell lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Data extrapolated from Kim et al[19] 2005.

Figure 2 Pie chart describing the distribution of lymphomatous polyposis as a presenting gastrointestinal feature in gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas according to histotype. SLL: Small lymphocytic lymphoma; PBL: Plasmablastic B-cell lymphoma; DLBCL: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; MCL: Mantle cell lymphoma.

Figure 3 Pie chart describing the most involved gastrointestinal site in lymphomatous polyposis.

Figure 4 Frequency of lymphomatous polyposis at ileum in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Adapted from Saito et al[143], 2005.

Figure 5 Frequency of the sites involved in mantle cell lymphoma. Adapted from Ruskoné-Fourmestraux et al[101], 2010.

Figure 6 Endoscopy stomach: Granular pattern of the fundus and body of the stomach (A) and polyps in the antrum (B).

Figure 7 Endoscopic lesions in mantle cell lymphomas according to the gastric and intestinal localization. Adapted from Iwamuro et al[144], 2010.

Figure 8 Endoscopic ultrasonography (radial scanning): Marked thickening of the muscularis propria and increased wall thickness (12 mm) in the angulus (A); antrum (B); body (C).

Figure 9 Ileoscopy revealing the presence of hyperemic mucosa with whitish polypoid nodularity. The subsequent diagnosis was a grade 2A follicular lymphoma.

Figure 10 Endoscopic features of follicular gastrointestinal lymphomas. Adapted from Yanai et al[163], 2011.

Figure 11 Extra-medullary plasmacytoma with gastric localization arising after treatment for multiple myeloma. A: Gastroscopy resulted negative for tumor detection; B: CT scan analysis of the upper abdomen showing a bulky mass departing from the stomach.

Figure 12 Frequency of the involved gastrointestinal tract in human immunodeficiency virus-related gastrointestinal lymphomas. Adapted from Heise[206], 2010.

Figure 13 Exophytic erythematous circumferential non-ulcerated mass determining a stenosis of the ileocecal region. The mass arises from the deep layer and the mucosa presents reddish areas suggestive for lymphomatous infiltration of the cecum (A, B, C).