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Systematic review and meta-analysis of relationship between p53 protein expression and lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer
Ming-Hao Jia, Xian-Li Liu, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
Shi-Lei Zhang, Tie-Bing Liu, Jiang-Bo Liu, Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
Yi-Fei Jue, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
Supported by: National Natural Science Foundation of China-Henan Joint Talent Training Project, No. U1504815; Henan Provincial Key R&D and Promotion Special Project (Scientific and Technological Research), No. 212102310129.
Corresponding author: Jiang-Bo Liu, Doctor of Medicine, Associate Professor, Associate Chief Physician, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 24 Jinghua Road, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China. jiangboliuxing@163.com
Received: March 25, 2024 Revised: April 30, 2024 Accepted: May 22, 2024 Published online: May 28, 2024
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of deaths among malignant tumors. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) and perineural invasion (PNI) can significantly affect the recurrence and metastasis of pancreatic cancer after surgery. The tumor suppressor gene p53 mutations play an important role in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer, but there is no unified evidence that p53 protein expression is associated with LNM and PNI in pan-creatic cancer.
AIM
To investigate the relationship between p53 protein expression and the three invasion characteristics of pancreatic cancer, including LNM, vascular invasion (VI), and PNI, via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted to retrieve relevant published studies before August 31, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between p53 protein expression and LNM, VI, and PNI. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis of the included studies were also conducted.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The average expression rate of p53 protein in pancreatic cancer was 35.6%. p53 protein expression was significantly related to the invasion characteristics of pancreatic cancer: The risk ratio of LMN in patients with p53 protein high-expression vs low-expression was 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.50]; the corresponding ratio of VI and PNI was 1.23 [95%CI: 1.03-1.47] and 1.22 [95%CI: 1.00-1.48], respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that study population, sample size, and publication date could influence the overall meta-analysis results. Sensitivity analysis altered the overall analytical statistics of VI or PNI studies but not LNM. Publication bias analysis showed that there was publication bias in the PNI studies, but there was no publication bias in the LNM and VI studies.
CONCLUSION
p53 protein expression is a risk factor for LNM, VI, and PNI in pancreatic cancer. Clinical detection of p53 protein expression in cancer tissue can provide a molecular patho-logical basis for evaluating the invasion characteristics.
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