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Lei Yu, Gui-Bo Yang, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Supported by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81571607; Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, No. 7162136.
Correspondence to: Gui-Bo Yang, Professor, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China. guiboyang@chinaaids.cn
Received: November 18, 2016 Revised: January 10, 2017 Accepted: January 13, 2017 Published online: March 8, 2017
XCL1, also known as lymphotactin, is the only known member of the C-type-chemokine family, which is produced mainly by CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. XCL1 has a unique amino acid sequence feature and two interchangeable conformations, which makes XCL1 different from other chemokines in structure and function. The XCL1-specific receptor, XCR1, is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family and plays an important role in the negative selection of T cells in the thymus and in the initiation of cross-antigen presentation and mediation of cytotoxic immune responses. XCL1 can regulate the balance of the immune system and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis, and it is involved in a variety of diseases such as autoimmune diseases, nephritis, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. In recent years, the selective expression of XCR1 on CD8+ DCs with strong cross antigen-presention ability has been proved, which has led to studies using XCL1 for mucosal immunization, antitumor immunotherapy and targeted vaccine development.
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