修回日期: 2016-04-28
接受日期: 2016-05-09
在线出版日期: 2016-06-08
目的: 分析食管癌患者胸内喉返神经旁淋巴结(recurrent laryngeal nerve Lymph node, RLN LNs)转移与颈部淋巴结的关联性, 探讨两者淋巴结转移是否存在一定的预测作用, 以期找到适合三野根治术的条件.
方法: 选取2015-01/2015-12宁波市李惠利医院胸外科收治的200例行三野淋巴结清扫术的食管癌鳞癌患者. 数据处理采用统计软件SPSS20.0, 分析RLN LNs转移与颈部淋巴结之间的关系, 并对颈部淋巴结转移的相关多因素进行分析.
结果: 在浸润深度T1-T4分期中, 随着T分期的增加, 颈部、纵隔、腹部淋巴结及RLN LNs转移率也逐步提升; 上胸段腹部淋巴结转移率为0.00%, 而其他部位淋巴结转移率在40%以上; RLN LNs转移组上胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率为69.23%, RLN LNs未转移组上胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率为44.44%, 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率无明显差异; RLN LNs转移组中胸段、下胸段及中+下胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率分别为46.81%、66.67%、50.85%, 而RLN LNs未转移组中胸段、下胸段及中+下胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率分别为28.89%、25.00%、28.18%, 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率均差异明显, 中段及下段食管癌患者RLN LNs转移与颈部淋巴结转移与否密切相关, 具有一定的预示作用; 所有患者中胸腹部淋巴结(TALN)转移≤4个组中出现颈部淋巴结转移53例(31.18%), TALN转移>4个组出现颈部淋巴结转移25例(83.33%), 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率差异均具有统计学意义; RLN LNs转移患者中TALN转移≤4个组中出现颈部淋巴结转移20例(40.00%), TALN转移>4个组出现颈部淋巴结转移21例(95.45%), 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率差异均具有统计学意义; 将肿瘤位置、T分期、RLN LNs转移和TALN转移>4个等因素进行多因素分析, RLN LNs转移和TALN转移>4个是颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素.
结论: 中段及下段食管癌患者RLN LNs转移对颈部淋巴结转移具有一定的预示作用; RLN LNs转移和TALN转移>4个是颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素. 即中段及下段食管癌RLN LNs转移或TALN转移>4个的患者, 较适合行三野根治手术.
核心提示: 本文分析食管癌患者胸内喉返神经旁淋巴结转移与颈部淋巴结的关联性, 探讨两者淋巴结转移是否存在一定的预测作用, 以期找到适合三野根治术的条件.
引文著录: 翁军玲, 田辉, 李鲁波. 食管癌患者胸内喉返神经旁淋巴结转移与颈部淋巴结的关联性. 世界华人消化杂志 2016; 24(16): 2537-2542
Revised: April 28, 2016
Accepted: May 9, 2016
Published online: June 8, 2016
AIM: To analyze the correlation between para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis and cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and discuss their predictive value, in order to find the indications for three field lymphadenectomy.
METHODS: Two hundred patients with ESCC who underwent three field lymphadenectomy at Department of Thoracic Surgery of Ningbo Lihuili Hospital from January 2015 to December 2015 were included. The relationship between para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis and cervical lymph node metastasis was analyzed statistically, and risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis were analyzed.
RESULTS: With the increase in T stage, the rates of cervical, mediastinal, abdominal and para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis increased gradually. The abdominal lymph node metastasis rate in patients with upper thoracic ESCC was 0%, and the lymph node metastasis rate in patients with ESCC at other parts was more than 40%. The cervical lymph node metastasis rate was 69.23% in upper thoracic ESCC patients with para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis and 44.44% in those without para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The cervical lymph node metastasis rates were 46.81%, 66.67%, and 50.85%, respectively, in middle, lower, and middle + lower thoracic ESCC patients with para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis, and 28.89%, 25%, and 28.18%, respectively, in those without para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis, and there were significant difference between the two groups, suggesting that para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis closely correlates with cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with middle, lower, and middle + lower thoracic ESCC. In patients who had ≤ 4 metastatic thoracic abdominal lymph nodes, 53 (31.18%) had cervical lymph node metastasis, while in patients who had > 4 metastatic thoracic abdominal lymph nodes, 25 (83.33%) had cervical lymph node metastasis, and there was a significant difference between the two groups. In patients who had para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis and ≤ 4 metastatic thoracic abdominal lymph nodes, 20 (40%) had cervical lymph node metastasis, while in patients who had para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis and > 4 metastatic thoracic abdominal lymph nodes, 21 (95.45%) had para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis, and there was a significant difference between the two groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis and > 4 metastatic thoracic abdominal lymph nodes were independent risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis.
CONCLUSION: Para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis closely correlates with cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with middle, lower, and middle + lower thoracic ESCC. Para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis and > 4 metastatic thoracic abdominal lymph nodes are independent risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis.
- Citation: Weng JL, Tian H, Li LB. Correlation between para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis and cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24(16): 2537-2542
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v24/i16/2537.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v24.i16.2537
食管癌在全部恶性肿瘤死亡调查中居第2位, 年死亡率极高[1]. 在我国食管癌发病数约占全世界食管癌发病总数一半以上[2]. 目前食管癌存在手术、放疗、中医中药和免疫治疗等多种治疗手段, 但仍以手术治疗为主[3]. 根治性手术不仅可以切除病灶, 还可以对相关淋巴结进行清理, 是治愈食管癌的重要方法之一[4]. 二野根治术、三野根治术是目前我国食管癌常见的手术方式, 三野根治术相对创伤较大, 哪些患者适合哪种手术方式是学术界争议的主要问题, 根据大量三野术后资料统计, 食管癌患者颈部淋巴结转移率35%左右[5,6]. 喉返神经旁淋巴结位于颈胸交界处, 通过脉管与右颈部静脉角直接相连, 是转移率最高的淋巴结之一.
因此, 本文研究选取2015-01/2015-12宁波市李惠利医院胸外科收治的200例行三野淋巴结清扫术的食管癌鳞癌患者, 进行喉返神经旁淋巴结(recurrent laryngeal nerve Lymph node, RLN LNs)与颈部淋巴结的相关性分析. 现报道如下.
选取宁波市李惠利医院胸外科2015-01/2015-12收治的200例行三野淋巴结清扫术的食管癌鳞癌患者. 男163例, 女37例; 年龄: 49-71岁, 平均年龄57.6岁; 肿瘤位置: 上胸段31例, 中胸段13例, 下胸段32例; 美国癌症联合委员会对肿瘤浸润深度(T分期)划分为4期[7], T1期(浸润至黏膜层)18例, T2期(浸润至肌层)45例, T3期(浸润至外膜层)114例, T4期(侵犯周围组织)23例. 术前影像学检查未见颈、胸、上腹部以外的淋巴结转移. 所有患者病历资料完整, 术前患者及其家属均签署知情同意书, 且均确诊为胸段食管癌. 根据临床实践和大量文献报道, 我们将胸腹部淋巴结(TALN)转移个数 = 4个作为分割线具有临床实际意义, 将200例所有患者胸腹部淋巴结(TALN)转移个数分为≤4个组170例及>4个组30例; 72例RLN LNs转移患者根据胸腹部淋巴结(TALN)转移个数分为≤4个组50例及>4个组22例.
手术方式: 三野淋巴结清扫术的术式包括颈胸腹三个切口, 其胸腹部的手术取腹部正中切口进腹. 根据日本食管肿瘤研究组制定的标准对淋巴结进行分组[8]. 三野淋巴结根治术(3FL)中清扫范围包括胸、颈、腹三处[9]. 胸部淋巴结: 上段食管旁淋巴结(Nos.105), 胸内喉返旁淋巴结(Nos.106), 膈上淋巴结(Nos.111), 隆凸下淋巴结(Nos.109), 后纵隔淋巴结(Nos.112)[10]; 颈部淋巴结: 颈部食管旁淋巴结(Nos.101), 锁骨上淋巴结(Nos.104)[11]; 腹部淋巴结: 左、右贲门淋巴结(Nos.1、2), 大、小弯淋巴结(Nos.3、4), 胃左动脉淋巴结(Nos.7), 肝总动脉淋巴结(Nos.8)[12]. 术后切除原发病灶和淋巴结均送病理科行HE染色检验, 并出具病理报告.
统计学处理 数据处理采用统计软件SPSS20.0. 两组率的比较采用χ2检验, 多因素采用Logistic回归进行分析. P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义.
200例入选患者根据不同浸润深度(T分期), 计算比较各部位淋巴结转移率. 结果显示: 颈部淋巴结及RLN LNs的转移率, 在T1-T4分期中分别为16.67%、35.56%、39.47%、60.87%和0.00%、35.56%、36.84%、56.52%. 在T1-T4分期中, 随着浸润深度(T分期)的增加, 颈部、纵隔、腹部淋巴结及RLN LNs转移率也逐步提升(表1).
项目 | n | 淋巴结转移部位(%) | |||
颈部淋巴结转移率 | 纵隔淋巴结转移率 | 腹部淋巴结转移率 | RLN LNs转移率 | ||
浸润深度(T) | |||||
T1 | 18 | 16.67 | 22.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
T2 | 45 | 35.56 | 46.67 | 20.00 | 35.56 |
T3 | 114 | 39.47 | 50.00 | 26.32 | 36.84 |
T4 | 23 | 60.87 | 65.22 | 43.48 | 56.52 |
肿瘤位置 | |||||
上胸段 | 31 | 54.84 | 51.61 | 0.00 | 41.94 |
中胸段 | 137 | 35.04 | 45.99 | 24.82 | 34.31 |
下胸段 | 32 | 40.63 | 56.25 | 37.50 | 37.50 |
根据肿瘤位置分为上胸段、中胸段、下胸段, 并计算比较不同肿瘤位置的各部位淋巴结转移率. 结果显示: 上胸段腹部淋巴结转移率为0.00%, 而其他部位淋巴结转移率在40%以上, 而不同位置的颈部淋巴结及RLN LNs转移率分别为54.84%、35.04%、40.63%和41.94%、34.31%、37.50%(表1).
200例患者根据RLN LNs转移与否分为转移组72例及未转移组128例, 并计算比较两组颈部淋巴结转移率. 结果显示: RLN LNs转移组中出现颈部淋巴结转移39例(54.17%), RLN LNs未转移组也出现颈部淋巴结转移39例(30.47%). RLN LNs转移组上胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率为69.23%, RLN LNs未转移组上胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率为44.44%, 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率无明显差异; RLN LNs转移组中胸段、下胸段及中+下胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率分别为46.81%、66.67%、50.85%, 而RLN LNs未转移组中胸段、下胸段及中+下胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率分别为28.89%、25.00%、28.18%, 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率差异均具有统计学意义, 可见, RLN LNs转移对中+下段患者的颈部淋巴结转移与否有一定的预示作用; 总的来说, 中段及下段食管癌患者RLN LNs转移与颈部淋巴结转移与否密切相关(表2).
肿瘤位置 | 颈部淋巴结转移率 | P值 | |
RLN LNs转移(n = 72) | RLN LNs未转移(n = 128) | ||
上胸段 | 9/13(69.23) | 8/18(44.44) | 0.275 |
中胸段 | 22/47(46.81) | 26/90(28.89) | 0.037 |
下胸段 | 8/12(66.67) | 5/20(25.00) | 0.030 |
中+下胸段 | 30/59(50.85) | 31/110(28.18) | 0.003 |
合计 | 39/72(54.17) | 39/128(30.47) | 0.041 |
所有患者中TALN转移≤4个组中出现颈部淋巴结转移53例(31.18%), TALN转移>4个组出现颈部淋巴结转移25例(83.33%), 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率差异均具有统计学意义. RLN LNs转移患者中TALN转移≤4个组中出现颈部淋巴结转移20例(40.00%), TALN转移>4个组出现颈部淋巴结转移21例(95.45%), 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率差异均具有统计学意义. 将肿瘤位置、T分期、RLN LNs转移和TALN转移>4个等因素进行多因素分析, RLN LNs转移和TALN转移>4个是颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(表3).
相关因素 | OR值 | 危险比(95%CI) | P值 |
肿瘤位置 | 6.248 | 0.372(0.118-2.598) | 0.127 |
T分期 | 6.937 | 1.721(1.032-3.188) | 0.101 |
RLN LNs转移 | 12.122 | 3.604(2.107-6.215) | 0.009 |
TALN转移>4个 | 14.529 | 0.271(0.019-2.093) | 0.001 |
近年来, 随着手术治疗技术的进步, 食管癌手术根治术的病死率也逐渐下降, 从而食管癌患者的生存时间在手术治疗后也有所延长[13]. RLN LNs位于颈胸交界处, 是食管癌转移率最高的淋巴结之一[14]. 在解剖学上, 颈胸交界并无明显标志, 有些诊疗机构将RLN LNs归为颈部淋巴结不在少数, 因此行二野根治术也不会对其进行常规清扫[15]. 从解剖学角度, 有关学者对颈部淋巴结转移的机制进行了阐述, 并通过对临床资料统计分析发现RLN LNs转移对颈部淋巴结转移具有预测作用[16].
本文研究中, RLN LNs转移组中出现颈部淋巴结转移39例(54.17%), RLN LNs未转移组出现颈部淋巴结转移39例(30.47%), 说明当RLN LNs转移时, 颈部淋巴结转移率已经较高, 推测RLN LNs可能是肿瘤细胞向颈部淋巴结转移的中转站[17]. RLN LNs转移组上胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率为69.23%, RLN LNs未转移组上胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率为44.44%, 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率无明显差异; RLN LNs转移组中+下胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率为50.85%, RLN LNs未转移组中+下胸段的颈部淋巴结转移率为28.18%, 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率均差异明显; 可能是颈部与上段食管距离较近, 肿瘤细胞可直接转移至颈部各组淋巴结, 而不出现RLN LNs转移[18]; 在中段及下段一旦出现RLN LNs转移, 则表明肿瘤细胞已经开始了向颈部淋巴结的转移[18]. 另外, 所有患者中TALN转移≤4个组中出现颈部淋巴结转移53例(31.18%), TALN转移>4个组出现颈部淋巴结转移25例(83.33%), 两组间的颈部淋巴结转移率均差异显著; 可能是当TALN转移>4个时, 肿瘤细胞已出现较大的扩散转移, 而最易转移的颈部淋巴结, 此时也已普遍转移[19].
总之, RLN LNs对颈部淋巴结转移有预测价值, 未转移的中下段食管癌患者, 可考虑不做颈部淋巴结清扫[20]. RLN LNs转移和TALN转移>4个都是预测颈部淋巴结转移的可靠指征, 中段及下段食管癌RLN LNs转移或TALN转移>4个的患者, 较适合行三野淋巴结清扫术[21].
食管癌在全部恶性肿瘤死亡调查中居第2位, 年死亡率极高. 在我国食管癌发病数约占全世界食管癌发病总数一半以上. 目前食管癌存在手术、放疗、中医中药和免疫治疗等多种治疗手段, 但仍以手术治疗为主.
刘尚国, 副教授, 副主任医师, 新乡医学院第一附属医院胸外二科; 许建新, 副主任医师, 福建医科大学教学医院莆田市第一医院胸外科
根治性手术不仅可以切除病灶, 还可以对相关淋巴结进行清理, 是治愈食管癌的重要方法之一. 二野根治术、三野根治术是目前我国食管癌常见的手术方式.
三野根治术相对创伤较大, 哪些患者适合哪种手术方式是学术界争议的主要问题, 根据大量三野术后资料统计, 食管癌患者颈部淋巴结转移率35%左右.
喉返神经旁淋巴结(recurrent laryngeal nerve Lymph node, RLN LNs)对颈部淋巴结转移有预测价值, 未转移的中下段食管癌患者, 可考虑不做颈部淋巴结清扫. RLN LNs转移和TALN转移>4个都是预测颈部淋巴结转移的可靠指征, 中段及下段食管癌RLN LNs转移或TALN转移>4个的患者, 较适合行三野淋巴结清扫术.
喉返神经旁淋巴结: 位于颈胸交界处, 通过脉管与右颈部静脉角直接相连, 是转移率最高的淋巴结之一.
本文选题具有临床意义, 分析具体.
编辑:于明茜 电编:闫晋利
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