Baishideng Publishing Group

Ojong EW, Nakondo NN, Njouendou AJ. Association between gestational diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in the Buea Health District, Cameroon. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(3): 115566

"The peer review this time has been extremely useful due to the high.competence of the reviewers In particular all three reviewers ..." [Read more]

"The peer review this time has been extremely useful due to the high.competence of the reviewers In particular all three reviewers demonstrated to be expert in the field and their suggestions more than criticità. In particular they helped me in finding new and recent paperd on microbiota By this way my final job substantially improved with respect to the inizialmente one " [Collapse]

Salvadori M, Rosso G. Gut-kidney axis: Dysbiosis and renal disease. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 115357

"We had an excellent experience throughout the publication process. The editorial and production teams were highly professional, ..." [Read more]

"We had an excellent experience throughout the publication process. The editorial and production teams were highly professional, supportive, and responsive at every stage, ensuring smooth communication and efficient handling of the manuscript. We greatly appreciate their cooperation and dedication to maintaining high publication standards. We would strongly recommend this journal to researchers seeking a reputable and efficient platform for publishing quality scientific work. " [Collapse]

Siyal M, Asim M, Qureshi S, Ghazanfar S, Siddiqui AR, Ahmed N, Altaf A, Zakaria N, Yaseen A, Kakar F, Kadir S, Hasan MK, Niaz SK. Navigating self-expandable metallic stent placement in inoperable esophageal malignancies: A landmark-based technique using the vertebral column and diaphragm. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 116060

"The World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a highly respected peer-reviewed publication that consistently delivers cutting-edge ..." [Read more]

"The World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a highly respected peer-reviewed publication that consistently delivers cutting-edge research and clinical insights. It effectively bridges the gap between basic science and practical endoscopic applications, offering valuable guidance for practitioners worldwide. The journal's rigorous peer review process ensures high-quality content, while its open-access model enhances global accessibility. Its coverage of emerging techniques and technologies keeps readers at the forefront of the field. Overall, it serves as an indispensable resource for gastroenterologists and endoscopists seeking to advance their knowledge and improve patient outcomes. " [Collapse]

Wu SY, Chen YS, Li XH, Yu TJ, Xie F, Jiang QF, Lan Y, He P, Li SC, Li WS, Chen WD. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic sclerotherapy vs traditional surgery in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids: A meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 116697

"I am deeply grateful to have my latest research published in your prestigious journal. The editorial team demonstrated exceptional ..." [Read more]

"I am deeply grateful to have my latest research published in your prestigious journal. The editorial team demonstrated exceptional professionalism and remarkable patience throughout the entire process—they efficiently matched my work with qualified reviewers and provided valuable guidance, which significantly streamlined the publication procedure. Thanks to their dedicated efforts, my research has been successfully presented to readers in a timely manner, and I feel truly delighted and honored by this wonderful opportunity to share my findings with the academic community. " [Collapse]

Li YF, Wu CQ, Long Y, Yu QF, Xu W, Zhao JJ, Zhang XY, Li ZK. Risk factors for thoracic-osteoporotic thoracic vertebral compression fractures during the normalized prevention and control period of COVID-19. World J Orthop 2026; 17(2): 114984

"We sincerely thank the Editor and the Reviewers for their careful evaluation of our manuscript and for their constructive comments ..." [Read more]

"We sincerely thank the Editor and the Reviewers for their careful evaluation of our manuscript and for their constructive comments and suggestions. We appreciate the time and effort devoted to improving the quality of our work. All comments were carefully considered, and the manuscript has been revised accordingly to address the reviewers’ concerns. The revisions have helped improve the clarity, structure, and scientific rigor of the manuscript. Specific modifications were made throughout the manuscript where appropriate, including improvements in language, clarification of methodological aspects, and refinement of the discussion to better highlight the clinical relevance and implications of our findings. We believe that these revisions have strengthened the manuscript and improved its overall quality. " [Collapse]

Chaarani N, Mroweh R, Moghnieh R, Kheir Chahine M, Zaiter H, Abdulaal SY, Obeid N, Tlais M, Raheb J, Farhat H, Abdulaal R. Unconventional mechanisms of resveratrol in atherosclerosis prevention and management. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(1): 116771

"Everything was excellent throughout the process. The peer review, editorial handling, proofreading, and final production of the paper ..." [Read more]

"Everything was excellent throughout the process. The peer review, editorial handling, proofreading, and final production of the paper were all conducted with great professionalism. BPG is a very organised and efficient medical publishing house, and their attention to detail is truly commendable. It was a very smooth and professional experience, and the final result reflects the high quality of their editorial work. " [Collapse]

Curlej P, Soldera J. Artificial intelligence in predicting colorectal polyp histology: Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy in real-time procedures. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 116381

"The whole processing of the paper was satisfactory and the review report was professional. The editorial processing of the manuscript ..." [Read more]

"The whole processing of the paper was satisfactory and the review report was professional. The editorial processing of the manuscript also was satisfactory and I would strongly recommend the Journal for submission to my friends. I also wish this paper would achieve high citation rates and am happy to future papers to the Journal if I am invited to publish in the Journal. Thanks again and best wishes, Professor Joseph M Pappachan MD, FRCP, Senior Consultant Endocrinologist and Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism " [Collapse]

Chandrabalan V, Howcroft T, Alkhalifah MK, Younis N, Aldhafiri E, Pappachan JM. Diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: Risk factors for mortality and adverse outcomes. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(1): 117464

"Your journal’s process is well-organized, efficient, and transparent, allowing authors to check the status of their manuscripts at ..." [Read more]

"Your journal’s process is well-organized, efficient, and transparent, allowing authors to check the status of their manuscripts at any time. I am very satisfied with the entire submission process and look forward to continuing to work with your journal in the future. Thank you once again to all the editors for their hard work. " [Collapse]

Wang RG, Wang YQ, Cao H. Bilateral upper limb surface electromyography analysis during single-operator colonoscopy: Implications for ergonomics and occupational health. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 116646

"Everything was excellent. The editorial office services and prompt response to requests were enthusiastic. Also, the peer review ..." [Read more]

"Everything was excellent. The editorial office services and prompt response to requests were enthusiastic. Also, the peer review process could be characterized by great satisfaction. Thank you very much for your cooperation. I am looking forward to continuing this scientific activity. I hope to continue with the best impressions. Best regards from Thessaloniki, Greece. " [Collapse]

Marneri AG, Pavlidis ET, Stavrati KE, Kofinas A, Mouratidou C, Gkoutziotis I, Kotoulas SC, Marouda C, Psalla D, Ballas KD, Pavlidis TE. Experimental beneficial effect of rosuvastatin on burn wound healing in a rat model. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(1): 115208

"This editorial addresses the evolving landscape of DNA methylation profiling in CNS tumors, bridging the gap between molecular ..." [Read more]

"This editorial addresses the evolving landscape of DNA methylation profiling in CNS tumors, bridging the gap between molecular classification and practical bedside application. While methylation-based diagnostics have revolutionized tumor subtyping, determining their true 'clinical utility' remains a complex challenge. My editorial highlights the necessity of balancing high-resolution molecular data with actionable treatment pathways, ensuring that precision medicine remains accessible and meaningful for patient management " [Collapse]

Das S. DNA methylation profiling in central nervous system tumors: Where do we draw the line of clinical utility? World J Exp Med 2026; 16(1): 115070

"The review process was satisfying: The invitation and reviewing stages were timely. The reviewer's report was concise and very ..." [Read more]

"The review process was satisfying: The invitation and reviewing stages were timely. The reviewer's report was concise and very beneficial. The editors made great efforts, and their comments were constructive throughout the different stages. However, the In Press phase was relatively long: We suggest immediate online deposition on the journal website. There was no real access to the manuscript contents during this phase. " [Collapse]

Gadelkareem RA, Abdelfatah KF, Abozead SE, Sayed SY, Fawzy W. Effect of focused nursing training on infection control measures on nurses’ practice for patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 116965

"I am satisfied with almost everything, however, the time it takes from acceptance to publication was incredibly long for this ..." [Read more]

"I am satisfied with almost everything, however, the time it takes from acceptance to publication was incredibly long for this manuscript about 2.5 months. I am satisfied with almost everything, however, the time it takes from acceptance to publication was incredibly long for this manuscript about 2.5 months. I am satisfied with almost everything, however, the time it takes from acceptance to publication was incredibly long for this manuscript about 2.5 months. I am satisfied with almost everything, however, the time it takes from acceptance to publication was incredibly long for this manuscript about 2.5 months. " [Collapse]

El-Imam IA, Chenya UK, Mbishi JV, Peter TA, Mpimo BK, Ndembi N, Bakari HM, Mbwana MS, Fussi HF, Ally HM, Dababneh SW, Ramadhani HO. Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus drug-resistance mutations among individuals with low-level-viremia in low-income and middle-income countries: A meta-analysis. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 114375

"Virtual reality training for gastrointestinal endoscopy: A systematic review of efficacy and outcomes. The publication process for ..." [Read more]

"Virtual reality training for gastrointestinal endoscopy: A systematic review of efficacy and outcomes. The publication process for our article in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy was smooth, efficient, and highly satisfactory. The editorial team provided clear communication, timely reviews, and constructive feedback, ensuring a seamless experience from submission to publication and enhancing the overall quality of our work. " [Collapse]

Gadour E, Miutescu B, Nica C, Taheri E, Al Saeed Z, Raheem B, Facciorusso A, AlQahtani MS. Virtual reality training for gastrointestinal endoscopy: A systematic review of efficacy and outcomes. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 117820

"I humbly thanks the Editor and entire team for making the entire process so smooth and publishing my article, I also thank the peer ..." [Read more]

"I humbly thanks the Editor and entire team for making the entire process so smooth and publishing my article, I also thank the peer reviewer for quick peer review with constructive criticism and comments to improve the article. The entire process from submission to publication was very fast with prompt replies and genuine, scientific team and language editing team also did a quick evaluation, which in turn lead to rapid publication. At last also thankyou for the invitation for the article and waiving the article processing fee which helped a me as there was no funding for the study. Thankyou to the entire team once again " [Collapse]

Puri S, Thakur AN, Meshram HS, Bhagat C, Modasia B, Batheja V, Mathur RP. Vaccination gaps in incident hemodialysis patients: An opportunity for preventive nephrology, a prospective, cross-sectional study. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 114748

"The journal maintains a rigorous peer-review process and efficient manuscript handling mechanism, with professional and constructive ..." [Read more]

"The journal maintains a rigorous peer-review process and efficient manuscript handling mechanism, with professional and constructive review comments that significantly contribute to improving paper quality. As an internationally recognized SCI-indexed journal, it enjoys a strong academic reputation in the relevant research field and publishes articles of high innovation and scholarly impact. Publication in this journal serves as a substantial recognition of the research quality and provides a solid foundation for future studies and international academic exchange. " [Collapse]

Zeng Y, Li PY, Chen Z, Yao NF, Ye H, Gui ZH, Chen HL, Liu L, Wan H, Shen J. Associations of black coffee and black coffee supplemented with milk with diabetes in China: A community-based cross-sectional study. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(3): 115304

"We are highly satisfied with the manuscript editing and publishing process, and we give a positive evaluation of the journal's ..." [Read more]

"We are highly satisfied with the manuscript editing and publishing process, and we give a positive evaluation of the journal's credibility. We are satisfied with the peer review process of the journal, as the reviewers are diligent and responsible, and their professional comments and revision suggestions have helped us improve the scientific rigor and readability of the papers. " [Collapse]

Yuan HF, Liu P, Guo CQ, Bi YH. Comparative study of self-expandable stent placement, bougie dilation, and balloon dilation for post-inflammatory oesophageal strictures. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 117303

"Dear Editorial Team, Thank you very much for publishing our manuscript. We sincerely appreciate the time and effort invested by the ..." [Read more]

"Dear Editorial Team, Thank you very much for publishing our manuscript. We sincerely appreciate the time and effort invested by the editorial team and the reviewers throughout the evaluation process. The peer review process was rigorous, constructive, and fair, and the feedback we received was extremely valuable in improving the quality and clarity of our work. We are grateful for the opportunity to contribute to the journal and to share our research with the scientific community. It has been a very positive experience working with your journal. We hope to continue collaborating and publishing with the journal in the future. Best regards, Professor Marcio Concepción-Zavaleta Endocrinology and Metabolism Universidad Científica del Sur Lima, Peru " [Collapse]

Concepción-Zavaleta MJ, Fuentes-Mendoza JM, López-Ramírez EP, Martínez-García JA, Concepción-Urteaga LA, Paz-Ibarra J. Endocrine disorders linked to chronic kidney disease: Mechanisms and clinical implications. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 113875

"Dear Editorial Team, Thank you very much for publishing our manuscript. We sincerely appreciate the time and effort invested by the ..." [Read more]

Concepción-Zavaleta MJ, Fuentes-Mendoza JM, Paz-Ibarra J, Concepción-Urteaga LA, Mendoza-Godoy JJ, Gonzáles-Yovera JG, Quiroz-Aldave JE, Massucco-Revoredo F, Aldave-Herrera A, Aquino-Salverredy R. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in 2025: From molecular profiling to artificial intelligence-driven therapy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(3): 114205

20953 items Read more >>

Article Quality Tracking-Peer-Review

"Review summary and Recommendations 1. Clinical Context: Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON) is heterogeneous in clinical course. ..." [Read more]

"Review summary and Recommendations 1. Clinical Context: Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON) is heterogeneous in clinical course. While some patients resolve with transmural drainage alone, others deteriorate and require direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN). Chronological criteria, such as the 4-week cutoff in the revised Atlanta classification, do not reliably predict clinical trajectory. 2. Key Findings: o Persistent sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), hypoalbuminemia, anemia, extensive necrosis (>30–40%), and unfavorable anatomical patterns predict drainage failure and DEN requirement. o Lone et al’s predictive model (AUC 0.892) demonstrates strong discriminative ability, supporting early identification of patients unlikely to respond to drainage alone. o The concept of “passive drainage failure” captures patients at high risk, characterized by large solid debris, compartmentalized collections, and persistent systemic inflammation. 3. Step-Up vs Upfront DEN: o Timing should not be guided solely by predefined intervals but by individualized risk assessment. o Step-up strategies minimize unnecessary interventions but may delay care in high-risk patients. o Upfront DEN can prevent deterioration in selected patients but carries higher procedural risk if overused. o Guidelines support necrosectomy in cases of persistent sepsis, cavity compartmentalization, or failure of cavity collapse despite adequate drainage. 4. Safety Considerations: o DEN is effective but carries 15–30% complication rates, including bleeding, perforation, stent occlusion, and infection exacerbation. o Deferring DEN in patients with ongoing infection or high necrotic burden may worsen outcomes and complicate later intervention. o Risk stratification is essential to balance procedural risk against the risk of inaction. 5. Future Directions: o Integration of multivariate risk models, incorporating clinical, biochemical, and imaging variables, may individualize timing decisions. o AI and machine learning could enhance predictive accuracy, using longitudinal data and quantitative necrosis assessment. o The paradigm shift is toward intervention guided by patient-specific risk rather than temporal thresholds. Recommendations 1. Clinical Practice: o Implement early risk stratification in all WON cases to identify patients at high risk of drainage failure. o Reserve step-up strategies for low-to-moderate risk patients and consider early DEN for high-risk phenotypes. o Monitor clinical, laboratory, and imaging markers closely to guide escalation decisions. 2. Research: o Validate predictive models like Lone et al’s across larger, multi-center cohorts. o Investigate AI-driven, real-time risk scoring systems integrating necrosis quantification and host response metrics. o Explore the interplay of nutritional status, necrosis morphology, and systemic inflammation as modifiers of intervention timing. 3. Guideline Implications: o Guidelines should emphasize risk-based rather than time-based criteria for DEN. o Step-up and upfront strategies should be framed as complementary, with risk stratification as the central decision-making tool. Bottom Line: Timing of DEN should transition from protocol-driven intervals to personalized, risk-guided decisions. Intervention becomes appropriate when waiting poses greater risk than acting. " [Collapse]

Singeap AM, Chiriac S, Minea H, Trifan A. Between step-up and upfront intervention: Risk stratification as the missing link in timing endoscopic necrosectomy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 116865

"This is a high-level evaluation of a study or meta-analysis that summarizes its overall quality, reliability, strengths, limitations, ..." [Read more]

"This is a high-level evaluation of a study or meta-analysis that summarizes its overall quality, reliability, strengths, limitations, and clinical relevance without going into excessive technical detail. It’s the type of assessment a clinician, journal reviewer, or guideline committee might write to quickly judge how much weight to give the study’s findings. Overall Quality: The meta-analysis includes 17 randomized controlled trials with 1,689 patients, representing a moderate-to-high-quality evidence base. The search strategy was comprehensive, covering multiple international and Chinese databases, which minimizes publication bias. Strengths: • Large, pooled sample size with randomized controlled trial design. • Direct comparison between minimally invasive ES and standard TS. • Evaluates both efficacy and safety, including recovery time and costs. • Clinically relevant outcomes such as bleeding, prolapse, complications, and hospital stay. Limitations: • Variation in ES and TS techniques across studies may introduce heterogeneity. • Follow-up durations were not consistently reported, limiting assessment of long-term outcomes and recurrence. • Most studies had relatively small individual sample sizes, which may affect statistical power for less common complications. Clinical Relevance: • Provides strong evidence that ES is a safe, effective, and cost-efficient alternative to TS. • Supports adoption of ES as a first line minimally invasive option for internal hemorrhoid treatment, especially for patients seeking faster recovery. Conclusion: The meta-analysis is methodologically sound and clinically meaningful. While some heterogeneity exists, the findings are consistent and indicate that ES offers meaningful advantages over TS in terms of safety, recovery, and cost. Further large-scale, multicenter studies with standardized protocols would strengthen the evidence base. " [Collapse]

"Summary: This study presents an exploratory analysis of bilateral upper limb sEMG activity in an experienced endoscopist during ..." [Read more]

"Summary: This study presents an exploratory analysis of bilateral upper limb sEMG activity in an experienced endoscopist during simulated colonoscopy, focusing on different bowel loop configurations. Key findings include: • Muscle activation and fatigue: Complex loops significantly increase muscle load and fatigue, particularly in the left extensor digitorum and stabilizing muscles like the left flexor carpi radialis and right middle deltoid. • Bilateral asymmetry: The left arm consistently sustains high activation, while the right arm shows task-specific activation, suggesting differential biomechanical demands for gross stabilization versus fine manipulation. • Correlation with procedure duration: Longer insertion times are associated with more rapid fatigue in stabilizer muscles. • Implications: These results objectively demonstrate increased biomechanical demand during challenging colonoscopy maneuvers, supporting the need for ergonomic interventions, workload management, and device design optimization. Strengths: • Comprehensive sEMG analysis across 14 bilateral muscles with high temporal resolution (1500 Hz). • Clear differentiation of muscle load and fatigue patterns across loop types. • Quantitative correlation between loop complexity, insertion time, and fatigue metrics. • Direct applicability to ergonomic and occupational health improvements in endoscopy. Limitations: • Single-operator study limits generalizability. • Simulation model may not fully capture anatomical variability and real-world procedural stress. • Small sample size; statistical power and inter-operator variability not addressed. Recommendations: 1. Manuscript refinement: Emphasize novelty and clinical relevance, particularly the practical applications for ergonomic device design and occupational safety protocols. 2. Future research: Recommend multi-operator studies to validate muscle activation patterns across experience levels and real-world procedures. 3. Ergonomic integration: Suggest incorporating findings into colonoscopy training programs and device evaluation to reduce repetitive strain injuries. 4. Data visualization: Consider additional heatmaps or muscle activation timelines to highlight asymmetry and fatigue progression, enhancing interpretability for clinicians. Overall Assessment: The study provides valuable, objective biomechanical data supporting ergonomic improvements in colonoscopy. With minor clarifications and broader context regarding clinical translation, this manuscript is suitable for publication in this journal focusing on endoscopy, and also journals directing occupational health, or medical ergonomics. " [Collapse]

"Summary: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 801 patients with inoperable esophageal malignancies undergoing ..." [Read more]

"Summary: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 801 patients with inoperable esophageal malignancies undergoing self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement using the vertebral column and diaphragm as fluoroscopic landmarks. Patients ranged from 18–95 years (mean 50 ± 15), with 50.9% female. Dysphagia was the presenting symptom (mean duration 3.84 months), and squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histology (74.16%). Tumors most commonly involved the middle third of the esophagus, and inoperability was primarily due to distant metastases (52.81%). Tracheoesophageal fistula was present in 6%, and the mean stricture length was 8.4 cm. Pre-stent dilatation was required in 17.4% of patients. SEMS lengths ranged from 8–18 cm. The landmark-based technique achieved 100% technical success without major immediate adverse events. Repeat interventions were minimal (1.87% re-stenting for tumor overgrowth; 1.37% dilatation for tumor ingrowth). Reviewer Comments: Strengths: *Large patient cohort with comprehensive demographic and tumor characteristics. *Clear demonstration of technical feasibility and safety of landmark-based SEMS placement. *Low rates of immediate complications and repeat interventions indicate procedural reliability. Limitations: *Retrospective design limits causal inference and generalizability. *Lack of comparative data with conventional SEMS placement techniques. *No formal assessment of patient-reported outcomes (e.g., dysphagia relief scores, quality of life). *Long-term stent patency and survival data are not reported. Recommendations: *Consider prospective, comparative studies to validate the landmark-based approach against standard techniques. *Include standardized patient-centered outcomes (dysphagia scoring, nutritional status, and quality of life). *Explore the applicability of this technique in anatomically complex or upper esophageal tumors. *Discussion could be strengthened by addressing limitations related to stent type, tumor morphology, and fluoroscopic variability. Overall Assessment: The study presents a practical, reproducible technique for SEMS placement using vertebral and diaphragmatic landmarks with excellent technical success. The findings are clinically relevant, particularly for high-volume centers performing palliative esophageal stenting. Future prospective studies are warranted to assess long-term outcomes and patient-centered benefits." [Collapse]

"This study underscores the importance of considering systemic immune modulation in H. pylori infection, particularly in DU patients, ..." [Read more]

"This study underscores the importance of considering systemic immune modulation in H. pylori infection, particularly in DU patients, and may inform future research on cytokine-mediated disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies. Further, the study bridges gap between gastroenterology and systemic immunology, showing that H. pylori eradication can have meaningful systemic effects, which is clinically relevant for patient care, risk assessment, and possibly long-term outcomes. Furthermore, the findings suggest that H. pylori eradication confers systemic immunological benefits beyond the resolution of gastric pathology, including a distinct anti-inflammatory shift in duodenal ulcer patients. Incorporating disease-specific immune responses into clinical practice could support more personalized post-eradication monitoring and management. Future guidelines might consider systemic inflammation outcomes as an additional rationale for timely eradication, particularly in patients at risk for inflammation-related comorbidities." [Collapse]

de Melo FF, Lemos FFB, Leal RAOS, Rocha GA, de Magalhães Queiroz DM. Helicobacter pylori eradication is associated with systemic anti-inflammatory shift in duodenal ulcer patients compared to those with gastritis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 116958

"Review Summary Report Review Notes: • The study addresses an important clinical question and provides practical guidance for ..." [Read more]

"Review Summary Report Review Notes: • The study addresses an important clinical question and provides practical guidance for treatment selection. • Retrospective design and relatively small sample size, especially in the stent group, limit the strength of conclusions. • Cost-effectiveness data are valuable but could be strengthened with more detailed breakdowns (e.g., procedural vs. post-procedural costs). • Future prospective studies or randomized trials could validate these findings and refine patient selection criteria for SEMS use. " [Collapse]

"The manuscript addresses a highly relevant and timely topic in medical education. The focus on VR-based endoscopy training is ..." [Read more]

"The manuscript addresses a highly relevant and timely topic in medical education. The focus on VR-based endoscopy training is well-motivated given patient safety concerns and the growing adoption of simulation-based methods. The systematic review methodology is appropriate, and the results are clearly summarized. Overall, the manuscript is of interest to readers in gastroenterology, medical education, and simulation-based training. • Significance: Addresses a highly relevant topic in endoscopy training and patient safety; VR-based training is of growing interest. • Strengths: o Clear focus on multiple endoscopic procedures (EGD, colonoscopy, ERCP, EUS). o Adherence to PRISMA 2020 guidelines is noted. o Quantitative outcomes (odds ratios, P-values, competency scores) enhance rigor. o Balanced conclusion emphasizes VR as an adjunct to conventional training. • Major Points for Revision: o Provide detailed search strategy (databases, terms, date range) and inclusion/exclusion criteria; consider adding a PRISMA flow diagram. o Clarify study selection and screening process; report if independent reviewers were used. o Include risk-of-bias assessment for included studies using standard tools (e.g., Cochrane RoB 2, ROBINS-I). o Discuss heterogeneity across studies (simulator type, trainee experience, training duration) and its impact on results. o Address clinical relevance beyond skill metrics (e.g., patient outcomes, procedural complications, skill retention). o Standardize outcome reporting for clarity (odds ratios, mean ± SD, pass rates). • Minor Points: o Ensure consistent abbreviation usage (GIE vs GI endoscopy). o Simplify complex sentences for readability. o Include review registration information if available (e.g., PROSPERO). • Recommendation: Minor to moderate revision; manuscript is strong but would benefit from enhanced methodological transparency and discussion of heterogeneity and clinical impact. " [Collapse]

"Overall Assessment: This manuscript addresses a highly relevant and timely topic, evaluating the diagnostic performance of AI-assisted ..." [Read more]

"Overall Assessment: This manuscript addresses a highly relevant and timely topic, evaluating the diagnostic performance of AI-assisted colonoscopy for real-time colorectal polyp histology. The study is well-structured, with rigorous methodology and clear presentation of results. The findings, demonstrating that AI outperforms human endoscopists—particularly in less experienced operators—are clinically important. However, several aspects require clarification and elaboration to strengthen the manuscript’s impact and reproducibility. Major Comments: Search Strategy & Study Selection: Please provide full details of the literature search, including databases, search terms, date range, and inclusion/exclusion criteria. A PRISMA flow diagram would enhance transparency. Quality Assessment: Include a table summarizing QUADAS-2 risk of bias assessments for all studies. Clarify how studies with high risk of bias were considered in analyses. Heterogeneity: Substantial heterogeneity (I² = 74.3%) is reported. Consider subgroup or meta-regression analyses based on AI type, polyp characteristics, or endoscopist experience to explore sources of variability. Statistical Analysis: Clarify whether hierarchical or bivariate models were considered, as these are often preferred in diagnostic accuracy meta-analyses. Clinical Interpretation: Discuss the practical significance of AI’s improved accuracy, including potential impact on management decisions, optical biopsy strategies, and clinical workflows. Limitations: Explicitly address publication bias, spectrum bias, and generalizability of AI algorithms across centers. Also, note that AI technology is rapidly evolving, which may limit applicability of current findings. Minor Comments: Clarify the definition of “human experts” (experience, certification). *Specify polyp types included in the analysis. *Consider tables summarizing AI algorithms, training/validation datasets, and imaging modalities. *Streamline some sentences for readability and consistency in terminology. *Briefly mention future considerations such as cost-effectiveness, regulatory, and ethical implications of AI deployment. Recommendation: The manuscript is important and of high interest, but minor to moderate revisions are required to clarify methodology, address heterogeneity, and strengthen discussion of clinical applicability and limitations." [Collapse]

"Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is comprehensive and clearly outlined both epidemiology and pathophysiology. The discussion appropriately ..." [Read more]

"Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is comprehensive and clearly outlined both epidemiology and pathophysiology. The discussion appropriately highlights the multifactorial nature of PEP and effectively integrates patient- and procedure-related risk factors. The emphasis on individualized risk assessment and evidence-based preventive strategies is well-placed. To further strengthen the manuscript for a critical audience, consider the following suggestions: 1. Clarify incidence ranges: You report an incidence of 3–15% in general populations and up to 40% in high-risk patients. Providing references for these ranges and defining “high-risk” explicitly (e.g., presence of multiple risk factors, prior pancreatitis, or sphincter of Oddi dysfunction) would enhance clarity. 2. Risk factor hierarchy: While multiple risk factors are listed, it may be helpful to indicate which factors carry the strongest evidence or highest odds ratios, perhaps in a table or figure. This helps readers quickly gauge clinical impact. 3. Preventive strategies: The paragraph mentions rectal NSAIDs, pancreatic stenting, hydration, and precut sphincterotomy. It could be strengthened by briefly noting the level of evidence or guideline recommendation for each (e.g., ESGE or ASGE guidelines), distinguishing strategies supported by strong randomized trials versus observational data. 4. Pharmacologic agents: The statement that agents like somatostatin, gabexate, and nafamostat have inconsistent efficacy is accurate, but citing meta-analyses or systematic reviews would make this more authoritative. 5. Emerging tools: Mentioning AI and risk prediction models is forward-looking. Consider briefly highlighting specific models that have shown promise or limitations, to give readers a sense of current clinical applicability. 6. Future directions: The call for standardization and validation is important. You might also suggest exploring combination preventive strategies and personalized approaches based on risk stratification, which would align with precision medicine trends. Overall, the paragraph is well-structured and readable, with a clear progression from epidemiology to pathogenesis, risk factors, prevention, and future directions. Addressing the points above would enhance rigor and utility for a specialist audience. " [Collapse]

Xu PW, Xu QQ, Yu Y, Jiao Y, Liu YH, Yang L. Risk factors and prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 115736

"Clinically, the report is worthy. It clearly frames the problem, current solutions, and future directions. Cholangiocarcinoma is an ..." [Read more]

"Clinically, the report is worthy. It clearly frames the problem, current solutions, and future directions. Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to nonspecific symptoms. Conventional imaging and ERCP-based sampling have limited sensitivity, with reported diagnostic yields of 50–70% for tissue acquisition. Digital single-operator cholangioscopy improves diagnostic accuracy to 85–95% through direct visualization and targeted biopsies and facilitates therapeutic interventions, including biliary drainage, stenting, photodynamic therapy, and radiofrequency ablation, with procedural complication rates typically <5%. Despite these advances, interobserver variability, operator expertise, and limited long-term outcome data remain challenges. Integration of artificial intelligence shows preliminary promise in real-time lesion characterization but requires prospective validation. Future studies should define comparative effectiveness, patient-centered outcomes, and standardized protocols to optimize cholangioscopy in multidisciplinary CCA management." [Collapse]

Musalia JG, Alzayyat S, Aljahdli ES, Al-Lehibi A, Lara LF, Gabr M. Cholangioscopy in the diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 115412

"The paper presents a clear and well-structured case report describing delayed intramural hematoma following Endoscopic submucosal ..." [Read more]

"The paper presents a clear and well-structured case report describing delayed intramural hematoma following Endoscopic submucosal dissection for a laterally spreading tumor. The case narrative is logical, clinically relevant, and supported by follow-up demonstrating complete resolution and a well-healed scar, which strengthens the clinical outcome. However, the scientific contribution is limited by several factors. The conclusion overgeneralizes from a single case, suggesting that conservative therapy is effective without acknowledging that broader evidence is required. The article also does not clearly define the novelty of the case relative to previously reported intramural hematomas after ESD. In addition, important clinical and procedural details such as lesion size, risk factors, hematoma characteristics, and rationale for management are lacking. The discussion of mechanisms and alternative treatment approaches is also minimal. Overall, the report is clinically informative but primarily descriptive, and it would be strengthened by clarifying its novelty, providing more procedural detail, and moderating the conclusion to reflect the limitations of a single-case observation. " [Collapse]

Xu YL, Zhang ML, Zhou HJ, Gao PJ, Zhang XN, Rao M. Giant rectal intramural hematoma following endoscopic submucosal dissection successfully treated with conservative therapy: A case report. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 115257

"This article interprets the 5% plateau time model for colonoscopy in colonic diverticular bleeding and emphasizes that a 40-minute ..." [Read more]

"This article interprets the 5% plateau time model for colonoscopy in colonic diverticular bleeding and emphasizes that a 40-minute observation period should be treated as a flexible minimum floor rather than a rigid rule. By framing observation time as a “time-to-yield” curve, we propose practical strategies for computed tomography-stratified targets, a 20-25-minutes quality checkpoint, individualized shortening in high-risk patients and structured documentation. These suggestions aim to improve time efficiency and operational quality in the management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding." [Collapse]

Li C, Liu YQ, Wang HX. Feasibility of a forty-minute post-colonoscopy observation period for diverticular bleeding: Assessing the five per cent plateau model. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 115049

"This article addresses an important and clinically relevant issue in the management of acute caustic ingestion: the optimal role of ..." [Read more]

"This article addresses an important and clinically relevant issue in the management of acute caustic ingestion: the optimal role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy versus computed tomography in early triage and risk stratification. The authors clearly describe the strengths of early endoscopic evaluation, particularly its role as the gold standard for grading mucosal injury when performed within 12–24 hours. The manuscript also appropriately highlights the growing role of cross-sectional imaging, emphasizing how computed tomography can detect transmural injury and extra-luminal complications such as necrosis, perforation, mediastinitis, and peritonitis findings that may not be fully appreciated endoscopically. The paper effectively frames these modalities as complementary rather than competing diagnostic tools. This balanced perspective reflects current clinical thinking and has practical relevance for emergency and gastroenterology teams managing caustic ingestion. However, several areas could be strengthened to enhance the manuscript’s impact. First, the discussion of CT would benefit from greater attention to the heterogeneity of imaging protocols and the lack of universally accepted CT grading systems for caustic injury. Second, a more structured comparison of diagnostic accuracy, predictive value for complications, and influence on clinical decision-making (e.g., surgical referral) would improve the clinical utility of the review. Third, incorporation of a proposed triage algorithm integrating both modalities could provide readers with clearer practical guidance. Overall, this is a timely and useful review that synthesizes the evolving literature on diagnostic strategies in caustic ingestion. With additional clarification of imaging criteria, standardization challenges, and clinical decision pathways, the manuscript would provide even stronger guidance for clinicians managing this high-risk emergency. " [Collapse]

Singh AK, Birda CL, Kochhar R. Optimizing triage in acute caustic ingestion: Choosing between endoscopy and computed tomography. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 114327

"This is a valuable case report illustrating the diagnostic challenges of abdominal presentations of hereditary angioedema. With modest ..." [Read more]

"This is a valuable case report illustrating the diagnostic challenges of abdominal presentations of hereditary angioedema. With modest revisions—particularly expanding the clinical description and strengthening the discussion of the genetic findings—the manuscript would make a useful contribution to the literature. The manuscript would benefit from expanded clinical detail, stronger discussion of the mutation, and clearer differentiation between hereditary and acquired angioedema. Addressing these issues will significantly improve the clarity and impact of the case report." [Collapse]

Matsuura K, Ueda C, Hashimura C, Yakushiji H, Horiuchi T. Hereditary angioedema with recurrent abdominal pain in a patient with a novel SERPING1 gene mutation: A case report. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 113096

"This review article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the structure and role of the gut–brain axis, particularly in the ..." [Read more]

"This review article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the structure and role of the gut–brain axis, particularly in the context of acute brain injury. The major components include direct connections between the intestines and the brain through neurological and hormonal systems, as well as indirect communication mediated by intestinal flora and inflammatory cytokines. The structural participants include the autonomic nervous system, comprising both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Within these systems, a vicious cycle may easily develop. Brain inflammation can lead to systemic inflammatory spillover, which may induce increased intestinal permeability (“leaky gut”). This, in turn, can further exacerbate systemic inflammation and subsequently worsen brain inflammation. Potential therapeutic approaches discussed in the manuscript include vagus nerve stimulation, prebiotics and probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and nutritional support. However, the content of the manuscript is largely redundant and does not present novel therapeutic concepts. In addition, the manuscript lacks detailed discussion of the underlying mechanisms and does not provide specific guidance for clinical practice. Overall, the manuscript remains largely descriptive and narrative rather than presenting a rigorous scientific analysis." [Collapse]

Zhao X, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Liu XA. Gastrointestinal dysfunction after brain injury: Mechanisms and the role of the brain-gut axis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(10): 115731

" The manuscript is written well. Its structure is appropriate for this type of article. Ethical approval form meets the requirements. ..." [Read more]

" The manuscript is written well. Its structure is appropriate for this type of article. Ethical approval form meets the requirements. Methods are appropriate and effective. Results are appropriate of methods and are authentic. Tables and biostatistics data are perfect. The references are adequate of topic. Language of article is satisfied." [Collapse]

Ribeiro Junior MAF, Dib Possiedi R, Stefani Pacheco L, de Cesaro Schpchacki N, Nafeesa Hashim S, Monteiro Tavares Pereira B. Direct peritoneal resuscitation in sepsis and intra-abdominal infection: A scoping review. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(7): 118719

"Traditional Chinese Medicine has demonstrated satisfactory preclinical and clinical efficacy in patients with IBD. The data from the ..." [Read more]

"Traditional Chinese Medicine has demonstrated satisfactory preclinical and clinical efficacy in patients with IBD. The data from the review under comment demonstrate that TCM primarily acts through a holistic approach, affecting multiple signaling pathways and other immunological mechanisms, including the composition of the gut microbiota, intestinal barrier integrity, autophagy, and gene expression. TCM treats IBD by synergistically modulating immunity, repairing the intestinal barrier, restoring the gut microbiota, and regulating inflammatory pathways and autophagy. In recent years, a large number of research papers, mainly by Chinese researchers, have sought to identify the therapeutic components of these treatments on the one hand and to investigate their mechanisms of action on the other. Moreover, clinical data and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials support the effectiveness of PKI. Taken together, these actions will provide PKI with a scientific basis and foundation for its results. It is truly remarkable that both the large pharmaceutical industries and the health providers, as well as the officials of various countries, do not fund large multicenter studies that use PKI or the so-called Alternative Medicine in patients with IBD, at least as a complementary treatment to traditional Western medicine. I believe that the path towards this direction is inevitable in the coming years. Congratulations to the authors of the review." [Collapse]

Zeng SH, Jiang XY, Lin DR, Zhang WJ, Wu YQ, Xu L, Guo SJ. Mechanisms and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine for inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(10): 115821

"The vascular anatomy of the head and neck is highly complex and variable, and accurately characterizing the spatial relationships ..." [Read more]

"The vascular anatomy of the head and neck is highly complex and variable, and accurately characterizing the spatial relationships between vessels and adjacent bony structures is essential for identifying high-risk patients and guiding surgical planning. In a well-written letter to the editor, Jiang and Li commented on the study by Karangeli et al., a computed tomography angiography-based investigation of the spatial relationship between the hyoid bone and the carotid arteries. That study, which included 224 patients, revealed significant anatomical variability and concluded that carotid–hyoid contact is far more common than previously recognized. These findings carry important implications for radiologists and surgeons, as such contact may predispose patients to dynamic carotid compression, transient ischemic events, or intraoperative vascular injury. Jiang and Li discussed the clinical significance of carotid–hyoid anatomy, its surgical relevance, and age-related considerations. They acknowledged that the study by Karangeli et al. highlights the importance of translating detailed anatomical knowledge into preventive strategies that integrate imaging precision with vascular protection. Their review of the literature also summarized findings from other studies, noting that differences in suprahyoid muscular tension, cervical biomechanical loading, or hormonal influences may alter the course of the carotid arteries and contribute to previously unrecognized, sex-specific vascular risk profiles. Certain anatomical configurations—particularly types VIII and XI—may lead to transient compression, displacement, or repetitive impingement of the internal carotid artery during swallowing, neck rotation, flexion-extension, or physical exertion. Jiang and Li called for comparable longitudinal and multiethnic population-based studies on the hyoid bone and proposed future research directions. They emphasized that the carotid–hyoid relationship is far from an anatomical curiosity; rather, it represents a critical interface with direct implications for cerebrovascular health, surgical safety, and diagnostic accuracy. The authors further noted that radiologists should maintain a heightened awareness of this anatomical relationship in patients with cryptogenic stroke, recurrent focal neurological deficits, or unexplained cervical symptoms. Incorporating carotid–hyoid topographic evaluation into routine CTA reporting not only enhances diagnostic completeness but also facilitates timely risk identification and meaningful prevention, bridging the gap between structural anatomy and clinical protection. The parent study holds substantial clinical significance and relevance, offering valuable insights that can aid clinicians in addressing complex clinical challenges and improving patient outcomes. The article was well written and edited in terms of structure, language and references, and no errors were identified." [Collapse]

Jiang SY, Li R. When anatomy becomes pathology: Rethinking carotid-hyoid contact in cerebrovascular events. World J Radiol 2026; 18(2): 116873

"This study demonstrated that perioperative blood transfusions during gastric cancer surgery are associated with increased postoperative ..." [Read more]

"This study demonstrated that perioperative blood transfusions during gastric cancer surgery are associated with increased postoperative inflammation and stress responses, higher complication rates, and worse long-term outcomes. These results emphasize the importance of reducing unnecessary transfusions during surgery for gastric cancer patients. The immunomodulatory effects and enhanced inflammatory responses of transfusions may adversely affect the prognosis of cancer patients. The researchers concluded that avoiding unnecessary transfusions may facilitate postoperative recovery and improve long-term outcomes in gastric cancer patients. Going forward, it will be important to closely evaluate the need for blood transfusions and develop strategies to minimize transfusions, such as exploring alternative therapies and improving surgical techniques to reduce blood loss." [Collapse]

Maurya P, Gupta A, Gupta N. Influence of blood transfusion on outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(10): 115683

"We know that Traditional Chinese Medicine is a comprehensive medical system with a history of over 2,000 years, whose offerings focus ..." [Read more]

"We know that Traditional Chinese Medicine is a comprehensive medical system with a history of over 2,000 years, whose offerings focus on restoring balance and harmony between body, mind, and environment. Among its therapeutic methods, herbal medicine holds a leading position through the use of natural recipes based on herbs and minerals, aimed at enhancing self-healing processes. It is particularly effective in treating, among others, autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Traditional Chinese Medicine is constantly gaining ground as a complementary therapy in the West. The World Health Organization has already officially recognized it by including it in the International Classification of Diseases, which facilitates its integration into national health systems. Currently, its adoption is usually proposed as a parallel to Western medicine rather than a replacement for it. In the study under review, the authors, using complex methods, identified the main bioactive components of Lianhe Xiaozhi ointment and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying its effective alleviation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. In a global system of pharmaceutical treatment of ever-increasing cost, studies such as the one under review are necessary to determine, with adequate scientific methodology, the active ingredients and their precise mode of action in specific pathological conditions. I would like to congratulate the authors on their excellent work. " [Collapse]

Nie LJ, Wang GX, Yang XY, Sun J, Cao YT, Lou Y, Lu YF, Yu JY, Zhou XQ. Lianhe Xiaozhi ointment ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha pathway activation. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(9): 114544

15969 items Read more >>

Peer-Reviewers and Manuscript Statistics

Editorial board members: 2263

Peer-reviewers: 36453

Manuscripts received today: 2

Manuscript reviews today: 3

Unhandled manuscripts today: 193

Active peer-reviewers today: 2317

Reviewer acceptance today: 19

Reviewer refusals today: 17

Total accepted manuscripts: 40682

Total rejected manuscripts: 44930

Total peer-reviewers: 4728141

Total submissions: 38399

Baishideng Publishing Group (BPG) publishes 47 peer-reviewed, open-access journals covering a broad range of topics in clinical medicine, as well as several topics in biochemistry and molecular biology, relevant to human health today.

BPG Journal List

Reference Citation Analysis

BPG E-Books

BPG Blog

All Journal Articles

Chang HW, Yang W, Yu L, Gao DW, Zhang F, Chen ZC, Chen BL, Zhang LM, Zhu R, Zhang Q, Li ZY, Rao JG. Study on the correlation between molecular characteristics of SARA-CoV-2 and its epidemiology and clinical manifestations in Lu’an city. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 118988

2026-03-25 | Browse: 75 | Download: 23

Kaur H, Arora S, Sharma V, Kaur K, Kamboj S. Study of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC beta-lactamases producing Klebsiella from clinical samples in tertiary care hospital of Punjab. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 118602

2026-03-25 | Browse: 86 | Download: 26

Saeed NK, Elbeltagi YM, Al-Beltagi M. Unveiling the viral dimension: The paediatric gut virome as a key modulator of gastrointestinal metabolic, and neurodevelopmental health. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 118362

2026-03-25 | Browse: 85 | Download: 22

Griner S, Elliott S, Giannis D, Quang CMPT, Inniss K, Miele A, Louis MA, Mandava NR. Evolution of tracheostomy practices after the COVID-19 pandemic: The fast lane in the post-COVID era. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 118274

2026-03-25 | Browse: 72 | Download: 26

Sikenis M, Prajapati B, Singh AK, Patil T, Yadav V, Singh S, Gangwar M, Diwan V, Mandal UK, Biswas D, Nema S, Tiwari RR, Mishra PK, Singh P, Corovic IF, Nema RK. Prevalence of sapovirus infection among hospitalized pediatric patients in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 118273

2026-03-25 | Browse: 131 | Download: 31

Jadzic JS, Baljozovic AB, Simic LD. Bone health and chronic viral infections: A narrative literature review. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 118225

2026-03-25 | Browse: 60 | Download: 14

Sinha Ray A, Errabelli P, Mareedu N, Lathiya MK. Renal tubular acidosis complication of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induced interstitial nephritis and its complete resolution with steroids: A case report. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 117950

2026-03-25 | Browse: 49 | Download: 17

Mittal A, Hutchinson HJ, Lucke-Wold BP. Cytomegalovirus reactivation and the prevalence in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 117651

2026-03-25 | Browse: 75 | Download: 21

Bouayad A. Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A and B molecules and their potential role in virus-associated cancers. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 117643

2026-03-25 | Browse: 60 | Download: 11

Pasari AS, Gupta S, Gurjar P, Ramteke V, Malde S, Pawar T, Jeyachandran V, Kashiv P, Dubey S, Kurundwadkar M, Sejpal K, Bawankule C, Deshpande N, Balwani MR. Efficacy of finerenone in reducing proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease with maximum tolerable doses of dapagliflozin and telmisartan. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 117173

2026-03-25 | Browse: 59 | Download: 22

Capobianco M, Cappellani F, Visalli F, Avitabile A, Gagliano G, Nicolosi SG, Khouyyi M, D’Esposito F, Gagliano C, Zeppieri M. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis with viral triggers. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 117124

2026-03-25 | Browse: 53 | Download: 15

Dhotre SV, Ghatole MP, Dhotre PS, Kashetty VA, Nagoba BS. Seroprevalence and clinical profile of dengue infection among acute febrile patients at a rural tertiary care hospital. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 117079

2026-03-25 | Browse: 67 | Download: 23

Madhwani A, Chaudhry MQ, Rabbani JA, Kakar WG, Ayesha S, Abid S. Transplant-free survival in dengue-associated acute liver failure: Current evidence and future directions. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 117008

2026-03-25 | Browse: 68 | Download: 17

2026-03-25 | Browse: 64 | Download: 20

Younas S, Farooq S, Sahu S, Mwita RP, Özdemir Ö. Next-generation mucosal vaccines for respiratory viruses: Immunological correlates, platform design and clinical translation. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 116939

2026-03-25 | Browse: 135 | Download: 25

Salgado C, Gonzalez Cohens F, Vera FA, Ruiz R, Velasquez JD, Gonzalez FM. Prediction of graft outcomes after kidney transplantation: When standard statistics compare to machine learning techniques. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 116879

2026-03-25 | Browse: 57 | Download: 29

Moura AF, Rocha PN, Moura-Landim D, Moura Jr JA, Moura-Neto JA. Five-year follow-up sustained remission with rituximab in a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: A case report. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 116620

2026-03-25 | Browse: 48 | Download: 16

Panda PK, Garg R. Rethinking COVID-19 seasonality: A summer respiratory virus in the tropics, contrast to influenza. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 116492

2026-03-25 | Browse: 82 | Download: 31

Prasad R, Verma R, Singh A, Behera MR, Yachha M, Kushwaha RS, Jain M, Agrawal V, Yadav P, Lal H. Renal elasticity assessment in patients of glomerulonephritis by shear-wave elastography and its correlation with histopathology and renal biomarkers. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 116148

2026-03-25 | Browse: 79 | Download: 39

Varatharajan S, Krishnasai S, Girish C. Human immunodeficiency virus vaccines: Advances, challenges and future perspectives. World J Virol 2026; 15(1): 116055

2026-03-25 | Browse: 93 | Download: 29

62600 items Read more >>

Featured Articles

2026-03-15 | Browse: 2 | Download: 15

Umpiérrez NG, Sicco E, Silveira F, Beovide AV, Bologna-Molina R. Differences of immunohistochemical profiling of MOC-31, caveolin-1, connexin-43, Ki-67 in ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastic fibrodentinoma, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, and odontomas. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(1): 115508

2026-03-15 | Browse: 3 | Download: 16

Mohammadi S, Abbood Hameed Ati M, Seyedhosseini FS, Zare Ebrahimabad M, Saeidi M, Hosseini SA, Darweesh M, Al-Harrasi A, Yazdani Y. Diagnostic utility of circulating interleukin-1 beta and microRNA-146a in differentiating febrile seizures from other pediatric conditions. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(1): 112061

2026-03-15 | Browse: 1 | Download: 0

Bouziane M, Moufid O, Habbal R. Cardiac amyloidosis: From diagnosis to therapeutics breakthroughs. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(1): 112270

2026-03-15 | Browse: 2 | Download: 13

Middleton ML, Lucke-Wold B. Melanoma leptomeningeal disease: Advances in diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(1): 117938

2026-03-15 | Browse: 2 | Download: 10

Vadiyala MR, Varghese J, Chilingarashvili G, Ahluwalia V, Sharma S, Raza SMM, Sura H, Pingili A, Desai R. Association of chronic kidney disease with in-hospital mortality of cardiogenic shock patients undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 113212

2026-03-14 | Browse: 3 | Download: 12

Jain PR, Aravind S, K PR, Shekar M, Palaniyandi V, Sekar H, Krishnamoorthy S. Dual-score framework: National Early Warning Score 2 and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in acute pyelonephritis. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 114165

2026-03-14 | Browse: 6 | Download: 18

Javaid MM, Tonkin-Hill G, Klein M. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related acute kidney injury: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for nephrologists. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 114239

2026-03-14 | Browse: 4 | Download: 0

Oluyombo R, Karim M, Mason S, Halawa A. Kidney transplantation in obese black patients: Strategies to improve access and outcomes. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 114527

2026-03-14 | Browse: 3 | Download: 1

Gembillo G, Ricca MF, Santoro D. Diabetes-related renal complications: Insights on the impact of diabetic kidney disease on mortality. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 108432

2026-03-14 | Browse: 3 | Download: 1

2026-03-13 | Browse: 8 | Download: 27

2026-03-13 | Browse: 9 | Download: 12

2026-03-13 | Browse: 4 | Download: 10

2026-03-13 | Browse: 6 | Download: 7

2026-03-13 | Browse: 7 | Download: 10

2026-03-13 | Browse: 8 | Download: 25

2026-03-13 | Browse: 9 | Download: 12

2026-03-13 | Browse: 5 | Download: 10

2026-03-13 | Browse: 8 | Download: 11

2026-03-13 | Browse: 9 | Download: 1

10542 items Read more >>

Keyword Search Published Articles Processes

Case report

4759

Hepatocellular carcinoma

1760

Gastric cancer

1288

Colorectal cancer

1268

Prognosis

1095

Inflammatory bowel disease

864

COVID-19

846

Treatment

777

Diagnosis

761

Liver transplantation

748

Ulcerative colitis

691

Meta-analysis

676

Crohn’s disease

628

Endoscopy

624

Cirrhosis

614

Inflammation

602

Helicobacter pylori

596

Magnetic resonance imaging

588

Surgery

562

Pancreatic cancer

520

67457 items Read more >>

Reader Comments

"This systematic review of 8 randomized trials (1758 participants) rigorously evaluates adjunctive pharmacotherapies for diuretic ..." [Read more]

"This systematic review of 8 randomized trials (1758 participants) rigorously evaluates adjunctive pharmacotherapies for diuretic resistance in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), adhering to PRISMA guidelines and using Cochrane’s RoB 2.0 for bias assessment. Key findings show proximal nephron-targeted agents (acetazolamide, SGLT2 inhibitors) and distal thiazide diuretics effectively boost decongestion: acetazolamide raises successful decongestion rates (42.2% vs 30.5%), SGLT2 inhibitors enhance urine output and reduce worsening HF, while thiazides prompt greater weight loss but increase renal dysfunction risk. Notably, older agents (high-dose spironolactone, low-dose dopamine/nesiritide) yield no meaningful clinical benefits. The review’s strength lies in its exclusive focus on randomized trials, but heterogeneity in endpoints and short follow-up limit generalizability. It provides a mechanistically guided, stepwise clinical framework for ADHF management, emphasizing personalized adjunct selection, and identifies the need for large head-to-head trials and long-term outcome research to address existing evidence gaps. " [Collapse]

Patel V, Zameer R, Kumar B, Das M. Adjunctive pharmacologic therapies for diuretic resistance in acute decompensated heart failure: Systematic review of randomized trials. World J Meta-Anal 2026; 14(1): 118496

"The article raises critical issues regarding healthcare expenditure and the anesthesiologist’s responsibility in cost containment. ..." [Read more]

"The article raises critical issues regarding healthcare expenditure and the anesthesiologist’s responsibility in cost containment. While the narrative is informative, a more quantitative economic comparison and inclusion of updated guidelines or contemporary practice data would strengthen the conclusions. Additionally, deeper exploration of medico-legal concerns and institutional resistance could enhance its practical impact. Nevertheless, the review addresses a clinically meaningful topic. " [Collapse]

Karim HMR. Healthcare delivery cost and anesthesiologists: Time to have a greater role and responsibility. World J Anesthesiol 2019; 8(3): 19-24

"I read with great interest the study by Khalifa et al. published in the World Journal of Orthopedics, evaluating the impact of surgeon ..." [Read more]

"I read with great interest the study by Khalifa et al. published in the World Journal of Orthopedics, evaluating the impact of surgeon handedness on radiological and functional outcomes following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The authors should be commended for addressing an underexplored yet clinically relevant surgeon-related variable in arthroplasty practice. The finding that overall limb alignment and functional outcomes were not significantly influenced by operating on the dominant versus non-dominant side is reassuring. However, the increased incidence of tibial component malalignment (MPTA outliers) on the non-dominant side highlights an important technical nuance that may have implications for implant longevity, particularly in mechanically aligned TKA performed with conventional instrumentation. The subgroup analysis comparing intramedullary and extramedullary tibial guides is particularly interesting, suggesting that technique selection may interact with laterality. These findings underscore the potential value of ergonomic optimization and heightened intraoperative vigilance when operating on the non-dominant side. Future prospective studies incorporating sagittal and rotational alignment parameters, inclusion of left-handed surgeons, and long-term survivorship data would further clarify the clinical significance of these observations. Additionally, evaluating whether navigation or robotic assistance mitigates the subtle asymmetries associated with surgeon handedness could provide valuable insights. Overall, this study contributes meaningfully to the ongoing discussion regarding modifiable surgeon-related factors influencing TKA precision and outcomes. " [Collapse]

Khalifa AA, Abdelaal AM, Moustafa MM. Does surgeon handedness affect the outcomes after primary total knee arthroplasty? A retrospective cohort study. World J Orthop 2026; 17(2): 113696

"I would like to congratulate the authors on this clinically relevant study. The authors provided a conclusion that differs from ..." [Read more]

"I would like to congratulate the authors on this clinically relevant study. The authors provided a conclusion that differs from previously published results. ETV is generally considered renal-neutral and is commonly used in DCLD due to its renal safety. The statement that ETV is associated with a greater decrease in GFR than TMV is overfitting, as it is a retrospective study. The Difference in decline of approximately 4 mL/min/1.73 m² is very small and may not be clinically meaningful in patients with normal GFR, even though it is statistically significant. The conclusion should be interpreted with caution and requires additional long-term prospective studies to substantiate this claim. Furthermore, the authors did not report any additional adverse events during the study period. " [Collapse]

Ma SP, Wang L, Zhang YL, Wan X, Liu Q, Tang YL, Malhi LR, Ge SF. Effects of tenofovir amibufenamide and entecavir on estimated glomerular filtration rate in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(2): 114346

"I congratulate the authors on this relevant study on this study. As the authors pointed out, Klebsiella is the leading cause of liver ..." [Read more]

"I congratulate the authors on this relevant study on this study. As the authors pointed out, Klebsiella is the leading cause of liver abscesses in Asia and is increasingly prevalent in India. It is important to have culture reports at various time points, as they will help us in deciding empirical antibiotics. The authors have shown that the isolated organisms are highly resistant to ampicillin and have low resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems. With this large amount of data, the authors would have identified the poor prognostic predictors of PLA and treatment outcome. The authors did not present the data on complications of these abscess such as biliary fistula " [Collapse]

Mai-Phan TA, Thai KP, Le KL, Pham TN, Tran MQ, Pham PC, Duong NNQ, Trinh MT, Le NK. Klebsiella pneumoniae as leading cause of pyogenic liver abscess: Three years study in Southern Vietnam. World J Hepatol 2026; 18(2): 113695

"Wang and Pan present an editorial that meaningfully extends the discussion of ERAS in elderly gastric cancer patients beyond ..." [Read more]

"Wang and Pan present an editorial that meaningfully extends the discussion of ERAS in elderly gastric cancer patients beyond feasibility toward biologically grounded recovery. Building on prior evidence by Li et al. demonstrating the safety and protocol adherence of ERAS in older adults. The authors appropriately emphasize physiological heterogeneity, frailty, and resilience as key determinants of postoperative outcomes rather than chronological age alone. The proposed multidomain framework integrating nutritional inflammatory balance, circadian regulation, psychological resilience, and digital monitoring, offers an important conceptual advance. However, many of these strategies rely on resource intensive multidisciplinary teams, biomarker surveillance, and wearable technologies, which may limit generalizability outside high-volume or well-resourced centers. Future efforts may benefit from parallel development of simplified, scalable ERAS adaptations for elderly patients. Overall, this editorial provides a valuable roadmap for evolving ERAS from protocol compliance toward patient-centered, biologically informed recovery in an aging surgical population. " [Collapse]

Wang G, Pan SJ. From feasibility to biological recovery: Reframing enhanced recovery pathways after surgery in elderly gastric cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(7): 116264

"This Editorial thoroughly explores the field of AI use in diagnostic radiology. It provides a complete overview of the potential and ..." [Read more]

"This Editorial thoroughly explores the field of AI use in diagnostic radiology. It provides a complete overview of the potential and the current applications of AI in the field with great potential, strong diagnostic performance but in my opinion it does spotlight with the due consideration the potential drawbacks coming from the extensive use of AI in the clinical field. The enthusiasm generated from the high precision and performance and the consequent advantages in terms of resource and time save for operators outpaced evaluation of broader consequences. Concerns include trainee deskilling, automation bias, unclear medicolegal accountability, and inequitable access due to infrastructure demands. The authors emphasize that technical accuracy alone is insufficient and call for longitudinal studies, training models that preserve independent reasoning, and deployment strategies that address equity. Without systematic assessment of professional, clinical, and societal impacts, AI adoption risks being driven by non-evidence-based factors. " [Collapse]

He ZX, Wang J, Yang JS. Expanding the applications of artificial intelligence in emergency radiology: Advancing precision medicine and resource efficiency. World J Radiol 2026; 18(1): 117814

"This study demonstrates that presenilin-1 (PS-1) is significantly associated with β-catenin activation, PTEN phosphorylation, advanced ..." [Read more]

"This study demonstrates that presenilin-1 (PS-1) is significantly associated with β-catenin activation, PTEN phosphorylation, advanced tumor stage, and poor survival in gastric cancer. The combination of clinical data and functional assays strengthens the evidence for the PS-1/β-catenin/p-PTEN axis in promoting invasion and metastasis. These findings highlight a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer treatment. " [Collapse]

Lin X, Lin GF, Gu FT, Li YL. Increasing expression of presenilin 1, β-catenin, and p-PTEN and its regulatory roles on cell invasion in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(2): 115689

"In this paper, the tumor indicators of patients with gastric cancer after operation were detected and analyzed. It was found that ..." [Read more]

"In this paper, the tumor indicators of patients with gastric cancer after operation were detected and analyzed. It was found that CEA and AFP were closely related to the recurrence of gastric cancer, which provided a good basis for judging the health level of patients with gastric cancer after operation. But it also needs the support of large-scale clinical data. At the same time, patients with gastric cancer need more tumor indicators to explore a better combination for judging the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. " [Collapse]

Duan XX, Yu X, Zhou L. Timeliness of postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen monitoring for predicting recurrence after gastric cancer surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(1): 114309

"Dear Editor, I am writing in response to your invitation to comment on the prospective study by Güneş et al., entitled “Diagnostic ..." [Read more]

"Dear Editor, I am writing in response to your invitation to comment on the prospective study by Güneş et al., entitled “Diagnostic value of interleukin-8 in colon cancer,” published in your esteemed journal. The authors provide valuable data reinforcing the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) as an independent diagnostic biomarker in colon adenocarcinoma. Their work rightly concludes that IL-8 holds promise, particularly as part of a multi-marker panel. I would like to extend this discussion by contextualizing IL-8 within the current, rapidly evolving biomarker landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC), as recently elaborated in an editorial on this topic. The future of CRC management lies in a dynamic, multi-layered biomarker strategy that integrates three key pillars: 1) Mismatch repair (MMR) status to dictate therapeutic class (chemotherapy vs. immunotherapy); 2) Perioperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for immediate risk stratification, especially within microsatellite stable (MSS) disease; and 3) Postoperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a dynamic tool to guide treatment intensity and de-escalation, as definitively demonstrated by the recent AGITG DYNAMIC-III trial. In this framework, the findings on IL-8 by Güneş et al. present a compelling opportunity. While its standalone diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0.68) is moderate, its independent predictive value suggests a distinct biological role, likely rooted in its pro-inflammatory and angiogenic functions. This positions IL-8 not as a replacement for the aforementioned pillars, but as a potential complementary element, particularly within the MSS cohort. Specifically, IL-8 could enhance the second pillar (risk stratification) by providing additional biological granularity. For instance, in MSS patients with normal or borderline CEA levels, an elevated IL-8 might signal a more aggressive tumor biology driven by inflammation, potentially identifying a subset that would benefit from closer surveillance or adjuvant therapy. Furthermore, given its link to angiogenesis and immune modulation, IL-8 merits investigation as a predictive biomarker for responses to anti-angiogenic therapies (e.g., bevacizumab) and possibly immunotherapy, even in MSS/pMMR tumors. Therefore, I propose that the next logical step for research, as inspired by both this study and the broader editorial perspective, is to evaluate IL-8 within integrated multi-marker panels. Combining IL-8 with CEA, ctDNA, and potentially other inflammatory markers (e.g., CRP) in algorithm-driven models could significantly improve diagnostic sensitivity, prognostic stratification, and predictive accuracy. This approach aligns perfectly with the paradigm of dynamic precision oncology, where multiple data streams are synthesized to guide personalized therapeutic navigation. I congratulate the authors on their contribution and thank you for the opportunity to share these perspectives, hoping they may stimulate further research into the integrative potential of IL-8 within the modern CRC biomarker ecosystem. Sincerely, Pr Nabil Ismaili Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Mohammed VI Foundation of Sciences and Hrealth (FM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco, nismaili@um6ss.ma, 0000-0001-5786-5134 " [Collapse]

Güneş G, Fırat Oğuz E, Kayılıoğlu I, Dinç T. Diagnostic value of interleukin-8 in colon cancer: Prospective, case-control study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(1): 115444

"Systemic antifungal therapy is the backbone of treatment for invasive fungal infections, but it carries an under-recognized burden ..." [Read more]

"Systemic antifungal therapy is the backbone of treatment for invasive fungal infections, but it carries an under-recognized burden of endocrine and physiological toxicity. The review by Thakkar et al. (2026) provides an important framework for understanding how these agents affect human cytochrome P450 enzymes and renal function, leading to adrenal insufficiency, mineralocorticoid excess, and electrolyte abnormalities. This review deserves recognition, and adding a global perspective to it could provide new recommendations. If possible, I would like to submit a letter addressing this perspective. " [Collapse]

Thakkar S, Kantroo V, Nagendra L, Dutta D, Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Kalra S, Bhattacharya S. Endocrine consequences of antifungal therapy: A missed entity. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(2): 117140

"I read with interest the study comparing the ASGE lexicon and the AGREE classification for adverse events in gastrointestinal ..." [Read more]

"I read with interest the study comparing the ASGE lexicon and the AGREE classification for adverse events in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The authors are to be commended for their rigorous analysis of a large institutional registry and for highlighting the conceptual differences between two widely used adverse event frameworks. The high concordance observed between ASGE and AGREE confirms that both systems are robust for capturing clinically significant complications. However, the discordance noted for transient cardiorespiratory and sedation-related events raises an important interpretive issue. The ASGE lexicon intentionally captures such occurrences as “incidents,” supporting quality improvement and preventive strategies, whereas AGREE excludes many of these events by design, prioritising clinical consequence and post-procedural intervention. While this approach improves specificity, it may inadvertently narrow the safety signal. From a patient-centred perspective, events such as inadequate sedation, procedural discomfort, or transient hypoxia—although self-limiting—can significantly influence patient-reported experience, satisfaction, and trust in endoscopic services. These experiential harms may not require escalation of care yet remain meaningful to patients and may affect willingness for repeat procedures. Their exclusion from adverse event datasets risks underestimating quality concerns that are increasingly relevant in value-based care. The study also underscores that adverse event classification represents only one dimension of endoscopy quality. Domains such as procedural appropriateness, missed or delayed diagnoses, bowel preparation adequacy, photodocumentation quality, scheduling delays, and patient-initiated procedure termination are not captured by adverse event frameworks but are integral to comprehensive quality assessment. In summary, while standardised adverse event classification remains essential for benchmarking and safety governance, it should be complemented by patient-reported experience measures and broader quality indicators. A multidimensional framework integrating safety, experience, and appropriateness may better align endoscopy quality metrics with contemporary patient-centred practice. " [Collapse]

Corsi O, Martinez R, Aguirre J, Friedrich I, Galeno V, Jimenez V, Briones P, Díaz LA, Espino A, Vargas JI. Application of a novel adverse event classification scale in a Latin American gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(1): 111384

"This minireview provides a timely and balanced synthesis of the evolving role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation ..." [Read more]

"This minireview provides a timely and balanced synthesis of the evolving role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) in the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). The authors appropriately frame EUS-RFA as a promising yet still selective therapeutic option, and the “lights and shadows” construct is effective in highlighting both its clinical potential and its current limitations A major strength of the article lies in its comprehensive collation of published clinical experience across functioning and non-functioning pNETs. The tabulated summaries are particularly valuable for readers seeking an overview of technical success, clinical response, and adverse event profiles. Importantly, the authors avoid overstating efficacy and consistently acknowledge the predominance of retrospective series, limited follow-up durations, and heterogeneity in response definitions—an intellectua rigour that strengthens the manuscript. From a conceptual standpoint, the review highlights a key paradigm shift: EUS-RFA is no longer merely a salvage or palliative modality, but a potential intermediate option within the “grey zone” of small, low-grade pNETs, especially in patients unfit for surgery or those prioritizing minimally invasive approaches. This raises an important clinical question not fully resolved in current guidelines—whether EUS-RFA should eventually be positioned as a disease-modifying therapy rather than an alternative to surveillance. The discussion on radiological response assessment underscores a critical unmet need in the field. The lack of standardized imaging endpoints, timing of follow-up, and correlation with long-term oncologic outcomes limits meaningful comparison across studies. Future consensus on response metrics—possibly integrating contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS, cross-sectional imaging, and biochemical markers—would significantly enhance interpretability and clinical adoption. Finally, the article appropriately calls attention to procedural standardization and risk mitigation, particularly regarding pancreatitis prevention and proximity to the main pancreatic duct. These considerations will be central if EUS-RFA is to move beyond expert centers into broader clinical practice. Overall, this review serves as a valuable reference for gastroenterologists, endosonographers, and multidisciplinary teams managing pNETs. It also clearly delineates the research priorities required before EUS-RFA can be fully integrated into evidence-based treatment algorithms. " [Collapse]

Tringali A, Caiazzo A. Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Lights and shadows of endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(1): 113617

"Commentary: Clinical Considerations in Immunocompromised Patients With Edwardsiella tarda–Associated Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ..." [Read more]

"Commentary: Clinical Considerations in Immunocompromised Patients With Edwardsiella tarda–Associated Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis The case report by Usuda et al., recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases, represents a notable contribution to clinical microbiology by documenting, to the best of current knowledge, the first reported case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) caused by Edwardsiella tarda in an immunocompromised patient undergoing dialysis [1].This report substantially expands the recognized infectious spectrum in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and underscores the need for heightened clinical awareness of atypical and opportunistic pathogens in this vulnerable population. One particularly commendable aspect of this report is the authors’ detailed discussion of the virulence mechanisms of E. tarda. The organism’s capacity to survive and replicate within macrophages plays a pivotal role in its pathogenicity, especially in hosts with compromised cellular immunity [2,3]. In the present case, the coexistence of diabetic nephropathy and long-term dialysis likely created a permissive immunological milieu that facilitated this opportunistic infection. Such intracellular persistence provides a plausible explanation for the severe and insidious clinical course observed, even in the absence of classical epidemiological exposures such as raw seafood consumption or contact with freshwater environments. Equally noteworthy is the authors’ adherence to principles of antimicrobial stewardship. The stepwise transition from empirical broad-spectrum therapy with cefmetazole to targeted, de-escalated treatment using cefalexin—guided by comprehensive antimicrobial susceptibility testing (Table 3)—offers a valuable therapeutic reference for clinicians managing similarly rare infections. Nevertheless, building on the authors’ insightful acknowledgment of the limitations surrounding “ascites culture conversion,” I would like to propose a more structured and rigorous framework for defining treatment endpoints in such high-risk cases. While clinical and symptomatic improvement remains an essential marker of response, it may be insufficient when dealing with pathogens such as E. tarda, which possess the ability to persist intracellularly [4,5]. Accordingly, I suggest an integrated “imaging-to-microbiology” strategy prior to antibiotic discontinuation. First, advanced imaging modalities—such as abdominal computed tomography or high-resolution ultrasonography—should be systematically incorporated to objectively assess the resolution of ascites. Complete radiological absorption of ascitic fluid would substantially strengthen the clinical justification for treatment cessation. Conversely, if residual ascites is detected, even in minimal or loculated forms, reliance on systemic inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein or leukocyte counts alone may be misleading. Given the organism’s persistence potential [3], repeat diagnostic paracentesis should be strongly considered to confirm microbiological eradication. This dual confirmation—radiological and microbiological—would provide a more robust and evidence-based rationale for terminating antimicrobial therapy [6], thereby reducing the risk of relapse in immunocompromised patients. In conclusion, while this case report fills an important gap in the current literature, it also highlights the need to refine discharge and treatment-completion criteria for rare causes of SBP. Adoption of an imaging-guided microbiological confirmation strategy may enhance the precision of clinical decision-making and ultimately improve long-term outcomes in patients with complex comorbidities. 参考文献 [1]Usuda D , Furukawa D, Imaizumi R et al. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Edwardsiella tarda in an immuno-compromised dialysis patient: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2026,6; 14(1): 115102. [2][2]Qin L, Li F, Wang X, Sun Y, Bi K, Gao Y. Proteomic analysis of macrophage in response to Edwardsiella tarda-infection. Microb Pathog, 2017; 111: 86-93 [RCA] [PMID: 28826764 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.028] [3]Zhang L, Ni C, Xu W, Dai T, Yang D, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Intramacrophage Infection Reinforces the Virulence of Edwardsiella tarda. J Bacteriol 2016; 198: 1534-1542 [RCA] [PMID: 26953340 DOI: 10.1128/JB.00978-15] [4]An L, Chan JL, Nguyen M, Yang S, Deville JG. Case Report: Disseminated Edwardsiella tarda infection in an immunocompromised patient. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13: 1292768 [RCA] [PMID: 38053529 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1292768] [5]Matsukawa H, Usuda D, Takami H, Nomura T, Sugita M. A Case of Edwardsiella tarda Infection With Iliopsoas Abscess Following Acute Pyelonephritis. Cureus 2024; 16: e58868 [RCA] [PMID: 38800258 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58868] [6]A Rimola , G García-Tsao, M Navasa, L J Piddock, R Planas, B Bernard, J M Inadomi. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. International Ascites Club. J Hepatol, 2000; 32(1):142-53[RCA][PMID: 10673079 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(00)80201-9] " [Collapse]

Usuda D, Furukawa D, Imaizumi R, Ono R, Kaneoka Y, Nakajima E, Kato M, Sugawara Y, Shimizu R, Inami T, Kawai K, Matsubara S, Tanaka R, Suzuki M, Shimozawa S, Hotchi Y, Osugi I, Katou R, Ito S, Mishima K, Kondo A, Mizuno K, Takami H, Komatsu T, Nomura T, Sugita M. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Edwardsiella tarda in an immuno-compromised dialysis patient: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(1): 115102

"This paper presents a systematic retrospective analysis of the incidence and clinical significance of gallstones and gallbladder wall ..." [Read more]

"This paper presents a systematic retrospective analysis of the incidence and clinical significance of gallstones and gallbladder wall thickening in patients with liver cirrhosis, offering valuable clinical observations for practitioners. The study clearly indicates that the prevalence of gallbladder abnormalities—including gallstones and asymptomatic wall thickening—is significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis, especially in the decompensated stage, compared to the general population. This finding aligns with previous research and further supports the pivotal role of portal hypertension and hepatic dysfunction in the development of gallbladder pathology. Notably, the authors emphasize that these imaging findings are often related to cirrhosis itself rather than being indicators of acute cholecystitis. This distinction is clinically important, as it can help prevent unnecessary interventions—such as misdiagnosis and surgery for presumed acute cholecystitis—particularly in asymptomatic individuals. Moreover, the study suggests that gallbladder abnormalities correlate more strongly with the decompensated state of cirrhosis than with its etiology, providing a fresh perspective on the mechanisms underlying gallbladder changes in these patients. However, several limitations should be acknowledged. First, the retrospective design and single-center sample may limit the generalizability of the results. Second, the study lacks in-depth analysis of subgroups based on the etiology of cirrhosis, leaving it unclear whether findings differ notably in non-alcoholic liver disease patients. Finally, potential influencing factors such as gallbladder motility and medication use were not systematically evaluated, even though they may contribute to wall thickening and stone formation. Overall, this paper offers practical clinical insights into the imaging assessment of the gallbladder in cirrhotic patients. Future prospective, multicenter studies incorporating more pathophysiological parameters—such as gallbladder motility and bile composition—could help further elucidate the complex relationship between cirrhosis and gallbladder disorders and contribute to optimized clinical decision-making. " [Collapse]

Tsankof A, Protopapas AA, Kyritsi V, Gogou C, Kyziroglou M, Papathanasiou E, Chatzikosma C, Michalopoulos A, Savopoulos C, Protopapas AN. Gallstones and gallbladder wall thickening in patients with cirrhosis: Prevalence and clinical impact. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(1): 114043

"This meta-analysis systematically retrieved and synthesized evidence from 30 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving nearly ..." [Read more]

"This meta-analysis systematically retrieved and synthesized evidence from 30 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving nearly 17,000 patients, providing the most comprehensive assessment to date on the efficacy of indomethacin for preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). It offers valuable, up-to-date evidence-based references for clinical practice, and the authors' efforts are highly commendable. Nevertheless, while acknowledging its contributions, two critical methodological limitations must be highlighted, which may compromise the interpretation and generalizability of its findings. The present commentary aims to identify two key methodological flaws in this meta-analysis that seriously undermine the statistical validity and clinical interpretability of its results. First, the authors inappropriately disaggregated seven multi-arm randomized controlled trials into multiple independent pairwise comparisons for inclusion in the analysis. This practice directly violates the core assumption of data independence in meta-analyses: different comparison groups derived from the same trial are correlated due to the shared control arm. Treating these as independent samples artificially inflates the total sample size, misestimates the weight of each study, and leads to an inappropriate narrowing of confidence intervals, thereby increasing the risk of Type I or Type II errors. Second, the definition of the "control group" in the study encompasses interventions with extremely high clinical heterogeneity, including placebo, normal saline, other active medications (e.g., diclofenac, somatostatin), and invasive procedures (e.g., pancreatic duct stenting). Pooling these controls with vastly different mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacies renders the reported pooled relative risk (RR = 0.85) clinically meaningless. Furthermore, the high heterogeneity observed (I² = 79%) is most likely attributable to this flawed methodological design. In summary, the aforementioned issues cast doubt on the statistical credibility of the primary conclusion—that "indomethacin does not significantly reduce the incidence of PEP"—and also make it difficult to provide a reasonable clinical interpretation for practice. Given that this review incorporates multiple interrelated interventions for comparison, network meta-analysis would represent a more appropriate methodological framework. It can rigorously integrate data from multi-arm trials and simultaneously evaluate the relative efficacy of all relevant preventive strategies. " [Collapse]

Tian F, Huang ZC, Khizar H, Qiu K. Efficacy of indomethacin for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(1): 113232

"This meta-analysis systematically retrieved and synthesized evidence from 30 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving nearly ..." [Read more]

Ding Y, Wang CY, Pan YT, Wang YJ, Zhao AG, Wen HZ. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi as a potential therapeutic drug intervention in ulcerative colitis: Mechanisms of action and clinical trials. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(1): 114558

"I read the excellent paper by Rajak et al. The review is organized and precisely addresses the role of microplastics in inducing ..." [Read more]

"I read the excellent paper by Rajak et al. The review is organized and precisely addresses the role of microplastics in inducing metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease and its progression. The review raises a growing emergency: the relationship between air pollution and human health. This can be a stimulus for policymakers and international organizations to take concrete action. However, it should be remembered that a proper lifestyle can mitigate the negative impact of microplastics on the liver and human health in general. While waiting for long-term measures, this is information that can yield short-term results. On this issue, it will be my concern to send a letter to the editor. Sincerely, Gianni Testino " [Collapse]

Rajak S, Shahi A, Yadav A, Medhe P, Sinha RA. Microplastics in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: An emerging threat to liver health. World J Hepatol 2025; 17(12): 111198

"1.The article does not cover the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of inflammatory cytokines during the development of NSCLC, as ..." [Read more]

"1.The article does not cover the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of inflammatory cytokines during the development of NSCLC, as well as how these changes affect the occurrence and development of drug resistance. For instance, are there any differences in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the early stage, progression stage, and resistance stage of the tumor? Are their distributions different in various parts of the tumor (such as the primary lesion and metastatic lesion)? It is suggested to utilize techniques such as in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, combined with single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, to study the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of inflammatory cytokines in different development stages and different locations of NSCLC. By analyzing longitudinal samples of patients (such as before treatment, during treatment, and after resistance), the dynamic change patterns of inflammatory cytokines during the process of drug resistance can be revealed. 2. Although IL-6R blockade shows the effect of reversing drug resistance, single-target therapy may have limitations in efficacy or the risk of drug resistance escape. It is suggested to explore IL-6/IL-8 dual-target inhibition in preclinical models, or to combine it with downstream pathway inhibitors (such as JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB inhibitors) or immune checkpoint inhibitors to evaluate its synergistic anti-tumor effect and its remodeling effect on the tumor microenvironment, in order to provide theoretical basis for future clinical trials of combination therapy. " [Collapse]

Calibasi-Kocal G. Inflammatory cytokine-associated cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer and re-sensitization through interleukin-6 receptor blockade. World J Clin Oncol 2025; 16(12): 114275

"Author: Priya Hazrah Professor, Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Email: priyahazrah@gmail.com, ORCID ..." [Read more]

"Author: Priya Hazrah Professor, Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Email: priyahazrah@gmail.com, ORCID ID 0009-0008-1915-3978 Deborshi Sharma Director Professor Department of Surgey ABVIMS, New Delhi. Email: drdeborshi@gmail.com, ORCID ID 0000-0001-8251-8484 Sonali Mittal Assistant professor, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi Email: sonali.prachi@gmail.com, ORCID 0000-0002-6289-7656 Corresponding Author: Priya Hazrah Professor Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Email: priyahazrah@gmail.com We read with tremendous interest your article entitled “Mastering the third space: Innovations in intramural endoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal disorders.” It was a very apt and concise review of commonly performed third space endoscopy (TSE) procedures, namely the C, Z, E, and G POEM (per oral endoscopic myotomy). Here, we would like to highlight other evolving procedures related to third space endoscopy and also the emerging concept of “fourth space endoscopy.” POETRE, peroral esophageal tunnelling for restoration of the esophagus, based on the principle of TSE, is an innovative technique of submucosal tunnelling proposed to be a useful therapeutic option in long-segment complete esophageal luminal obstruction in a few case series [1, 2]. PREM/PAEM (per rectal/per anal myotomy) is another novel use of TSE with limited exploration in patients with Hirschsprung’s disease [3]. STER (submucosal tunnelling endoscopic resection) and POET (peroral endoscopic excision of tumor) have been reported to be safe procedures for resection of extramucosal tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract with acceptable complication rates vouched for in recent meta-analyses [4-7]. Further, TSE can be used to gain peritoneal access, as seen in POEM+F (POEM with fundoplication). Building upon the model of third space endoscopy is a forthcoming concept of fourth space endoscopy based on the technique of sub-serosal dissection for excision of extramucosal tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract, like gastrointestinal stromal tumors, leiomyoma, hamartoma, etc., published in a limited case series [8]. The feasibility of using the principle of the fourth-space endoscopy procedure for vagotomy is investigational and has been reported currently in an anecdotal non-human study [9]. The fourth space is also utilized at times in POEM to enable a full-thickness myotomy [10]. References 1. Wagh MS, Draganov PV. Per-oral endoscopic tunneling for restoration of the esophagus: a novel endoscopic submucosal dissection technique for therapy of complete esophageal obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017 Apr;85(4):722-727. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.08.035. Epub 2016 Sep 7. PMID: 27612924. 2. Félix C, Barreiro P, Rodrigues Azevedo J, Maia L, Küttner-Magalhães R, Pedroto I, Chagas C. Per-oral endoscopic tunneling for restoration of the esophagus (POETRE) in the management of a complete esophageal obstruction. Endosc Int Open. 2021 Jul;9(7):E1084-E1085. doi: 10.1055/a-1463-3059. Epub 2021 Jun 17. PMID: 34222634; PMCID: PMC8211479. 3. Bapaye A, Dashatwar P, Biradar V, Biradar S, Pujari R. Initial experience with per-rectal endoscopic myotomy for Hirschsprung's disease: medium and long term outcomes of the first case series of a novel third-space endoscopy procedure. Endoscopy. 2021 Dec;53(12):1256-1260. doi: 10.1055/a-1332-6902. Epub 2021 Mar 2. PMID: 33291158. 4. Onimaru M, Inoue H, Bechara R, Tanabe M, Abad MRA, Ueno A, Shimamura Y, Sumi K, Ikeda H, Ito H. Clinical outcomes of per-oral endoscopic tumor resection for submucosal tumors in the esophagus and gastric cardia. Dig Endosc. 2020 Mar;32(3):328-336. doi: 10.1111/den.13471. Epub 2019 Jul 22. PMID: 31234231. 5. Peng W, Tan S, Huang S, Ren Y, Li H, Peng Y, Fu X, Tang X. Efficacy and safety of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors with more than 1-year' follow-up: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2019 Apr;54(4):397-406. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1591500. Epub 2019 Mar 29. PMID: 30925071. 6. Song S, Wang X, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhang X, Chu X. Efficacy and complications of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors and exploration for influencing factors. Z Gastroenterol. 2018 Apr;56(4):365-373. English. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-123765. Epub 2018 Jan 18. PMID: 29346827. 7. Cao B, Lu J, Tan Y, Liu D. Efficacy and safety of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for gastric submucosal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2021 Jan;113(1):52-59. doi: 10.17235/reed.2020.6989/2020. PMID: 33222480. 8. Liu F, Zhang S, Ren W, Yang T, Lv Y, Ling T, Zou X, Wang L. The fourth space surgery: endoscopic subserosal dissection for upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer. Surg Endosc. 2018 May;32(5):2575-2582. doi: 10.1007/s00464-017-5985-z. Epub 2017 Dec 20. PMID: 29264757. 9. Kadkhodayan K, Irani S. Endoscopic truncal vagotomy. Exploring the fourth space. A technical feasibility study in a porcine model. VideoGIE. 2025 Mar 4;10(7):340-344. doi: 10.1016/j.vgie.2025.02.012. PMID: 40642399; PMCID: PMC12237756. 10. Jiang T, Yang Y, Luo W. Application of the fourth space in peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) surgery for achalasia. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2025 Jun 27. doi: 10.17235/reed.2025.11331/2025. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40575899. " [Collapse]

Restrepo-Rodas G, Rodriguez J. Mastering the third space: Innovations in intramural endoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal disorders. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2025; 17(12): 111206

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